Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 144-149.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.023

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Potassium Fertilizer on the Yield and Silage Quality of Maize

Gao Wenjun1,Yang Guoyi2,Gao Xinzhong2,Yu Zhu3,Xu Qingfang1,Yuan Xiangyang4,Sun Yaowu5   

  1. 1 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2 Forage Work Station of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
    3 College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
    4 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    5 Shanxi Wanrongchang Sheep Farming Cooperatives, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-03-22 Revised:2018-08-31 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12
  • Contact: Qingfang Xu

RichHTML

9

PDF (PC)

250

Abstract:

The effects of fertilizer N (150kg/hm 2), P2O5 (120kg/hm 2), and K2O (150kg/hm 2) on maize raw material and silage at sheep manured soil were studied. The results indicated that the yields of maize silage were increased significantly (P<0.01) with the N fertilizer, which had the higher milk per mu index compared that of the CK, P2O5 and K2O (P<0.05). Compared to the treatments of CK and P2O5, the yield of maize with K2O application increased significantly (P<0.05). The fermentative quality of silage maize had no significant difference except achiving a higher ammonia nitrogen content of silage with N fertilizer. Silage not only preserved the nutrient content of the maize raw materials, but also reduced the nitrate content.

Key words: Silage maize, Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, Yield, Quality

Fig.1

Fresh weight and dry weight of silage maize under different treatmentsDifferent lowercase letters means significant difference at 0.05 level (P<0.05). Different capital letters means significant difference at 0.01 level (P<0.01). The same below"

Table 1

The effects of different treatments on quality characters of silage maize %"

项目Item CK N P K
干物质Dry matter 30.08±1.08a 29.46±0.73a 29.89±1.35a 30.02±1.26a
粗蛋白Crude protein 8.49±0.36a 8.86±0.42a 8.37±0.45a 8.26±0.61a
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber 48.37±1.62a 46.29±1.71a 47.62±1.39a 46.45±1.26a
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber 23.72±0.97a 22.48±1.04a 24.08±1.18a 24.32±1.35a
粗灰分Crude ash 4.29±0.42a 4.12±0.39a 4.17±0.61a 4.35±0.74a
淀粉Starch 28.69±1.09a 29.17±1.72a 28.83±1.05a 29.09±0.86a
水溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate 14.61±1.16a 12.79±0.74b 13.58±1.25ab 13.67±1.32ab
粗脂肪Ether extract 3.42±0.28a 3.18±0.17a 3.27±0.25a 3.39±0.19a
体外干物质消化率In vitro dry matter degradability 69.37±1.97a 68.75±2.03a 69.04±1.62a 69.31±1.75a
体外中性洗涤纤维消化率In vitro neutral detergent fiber degradability 49.05±1.08a 50.11±1.15a 49.38±2.14a 49.29±1.47a

Fig.2

Milk per ton and Milk per mu of silage maize under different treatments"

Fig.3

Contents of nitrate and nitrite of silage maize under different treatments"

Table 2

The fermentation quality of silage maize under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 pH 氨态氮(%)
Ammonia nitrogen		 乳酸(%)
Lactic acid		 乙酸(%)
Acetic acid		 丙酸(%)
Propionic acid
CK 3.82±0.04 1.73±0.23b 3.49±0.18a 0.73±0.14a 0.18±0.07a
N 3.93±0.07 2.34±0.16a 3.76±0.19a 0.84±0.13a 0.14±0.11a
P 3.96±0.08 1.86±0.15b 3.62±0.09a 0.75±0.09a 0.17±0.02a
K 3.79±0.11 1.69±0.26b 3.71±0.28a 0.80±0.23a 0.16±0.06a

Table 3

The nutritive composition of silage maize under different treatments %"

项目Item CK N P K
干物质保存率Dry matter preserved rate 96.07±0.98a 95.39±1.33a 96.12±1.24a 95.54±1.12a
干物质Dry matter 30.21±1.08a 30.32±1.19a 30.41±1.21a 29.87±1.16a
粗蛋白Crude protein 8.42±0.53a 8.78±0.63a 8.39±0.44a 8.41±0.43a
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber 48.64±1.11a 47.05±1.12a 49.07±1.61a 47.73±1.38a
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber 24.28±1.47a 23.49±1.33a 24.88±1.63a 24.69±1.58a
粗灰分Crude ash 4.34±0.52a 4.23±0.47a 4.29±0.39a 4.41±0.17a

Fig.4

Contents of nitrate and nitrite of silage maize under different treatments"

Fig.5

Nitrate degradation of maize post-ensilage under different treatments"

[1] 丁光省 . 我国青贮玉米发展现状及发展方向. 中国乳业, 2018(4):3-8.
[2] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩 , 等. 论草牧业的理论体系及其实践. 科学通报, 2018,63(17):1619-1631.
[3] 胡玉敏, 程利, 韩宝萍 , 等. 青贮玉米施肥效应及经济合理施肥量确定. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017,38(1):18-22.
[4] 王久龙 . 滴灌复播青贮玉米水肥高效利用研究. 石河子:石河子大学, 2016.
[5] 王久龙, 王振华, 郑旭荣 , 等. 种植模式和施肥量对滴灌青贮玉米水分利用效率的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2014,33(Z1):67-70.
[6] 马磊, 袁飞, 朱玲玲 , 等. 氮复合肥种类及施氮量对坝上地区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响. 草业学报, 2013,22(6):53-59.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130607
[7] 徐敏云, 谢帆, 李运起 , 等. 施肥对青贮玉米营养品质和饲用价值的影响. 动物营养学报, 2011,23(6):1043-1051.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2011.06.023
[8] 徐敏云, 李建国, 谢帆 , 等. 不同施肥处理对青贮玉米生长和产量的影响. 草业学报, 2010,19(3):245-250.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb20100333
[9] 冯鹏, 王晓娜, 王清郦 , 等. 水肥耦合效应对玉米产量及青贮品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012,45(2):376-384.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.02.021
[10] ISO 6496. Animal feeding stuffs-determination of moisture and other volatile matter content. Switzerland:International Organization for Standardization, 1999.
[11] AOAC-Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official methods of analysis (18th ed .) .Arlington , VA:AOAC, 2006, Protein (Crude) in Animal Feed 984. 13.
[12] Van SOEST P J, Robertson J B, Lewis B A . Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991,74(10):2583-3593.
[13] AOAC-Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official methods of analysis ( 15thed.).Arlington:AOAC, 1990. v.1, Ash of Animal Feed 942. 05.
[14] AOAC-Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official methods of analysis ( 15thed.) .Arlington:AOAC , 1990. v. 1,Starch in Flour14031-14032.
[15] AOAC-Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official methods of analysis ( 15thed.) .Arlington:AOAC , 1990. v. 1,Fat (Crude) or Ether Extract in Animal Feed 920. 39.
[16] Owens V N, Albrecht K A, Muck R E , et al. Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of red clover and alfalfa silage harvested with varying levels of total nonstructural carbohydrates. Crop Science, 1999,39(6):1873-1880.
doi: 10.2135/cropsci1999.3961873x
[17] AOAC-Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official methods of analysis ( 17th ed.) .Arlington,VA:AOAC, 2000, Nitrogen (Nitrate and Nitrite) in Animal Feed 968. 07.
[18] Tilly J M A, Terry R A . A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of British Grassland Society, 1963,18(2):104-111.
doi: 10.1111/gfs.1963.18.issue-2
[19] [2017-08-10]. http://corn.agronomy. wisc. edu/Season/DSS/Milk2006CornSilage_v313. xls.
[20] Broderica G A, kangJ H . Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science, 1980,63(1):64-75.
doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8
[21] 许庆方, 玉柱, 韩建国 , 等. 高效液相色谱法测定苜蓿青贮中的有机酸. 草原与草坪, 2007(2):63-65,67.
[22] 刘颖慧, 郭明, 贾树利 , 等. 影响青贮玉米品质因素研究进展. 作物杂志, 2018(2):6-10.
[23] Rezaeian M, Petroudi E R , Mohseni M,el al. Effects of row spacing,nitrogen and posassium fertilization on yield of silage corn after wheat harvesting. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2014,4(3):358-361.
[24] Sheaffer C C , J L Halgerson,H G Jung. Hybrid and N fertilization affect corn silage yield and quality. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 2006,192(4):278-283.
[25] Kaplan M, Baran O, Unlukara A , et al. The effects of different nitrogen doses and irrigation levels on yield,nutritive value,fermentation and gas production of corn silage. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 2016,21(1):101-109.
[26] Junior E E D,Chaves L H G,Fernandes J D . Corn production for silage subjected to potassium fertilization and water depths. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2016(7):671-676.
[27] Flipot P M, Mason W, Genest J . Effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant population on the value of corn silage fed to beef steers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1984,64(2):453-458.
doi: 10.4141/cjas84-051
[28] 王寅, 郭聃, 高强 , 等. 吉林省不同生态区玉米施磷的增产效应差异. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(9):1635-1645.
[29] 刘艳, 李波, 孙文涛 , 等. 生物有机肥对盐碱地春玉米生理特性及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2017(2):98-103.
[30] 刘金鑫, 田秋英, 陈范骏 , 等. 玉米硝酸盐累积及其在适应持续低氮胁迫中的作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009,15(3):501-508.
doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2009.0302
[31] 宋莉, 廖万有, 王烨军 , 等. 旱地作物间作绿肥研究进展. 作物杂志, 2017(6):7-11.
[32] 吴建富, 卢志红, 胡丹丹 . 科学认识有机肥料在农业生产中的作用. 作物杂志, 2017(5):1-6.
[1] Zhao Xin,Chen Shaofeng,Wang Hui,Liu Sancai,Yang Xiushi,Zhang Baolin. Research on the Yield and Quality of Different Tartaty Buckwheat Varieties in Northern Shanxi Area [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 27-32.
[2] Wu Ronghua,Zhuang Kezhang,Liu Peng,Zhang Chunyan. Response of Summer Maize Yield to Meteorological Factors in Lunan Region [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 104-109.
[3] Su Feifei,Zhang Jinghua,Li Yong,Liu Shangwu,Liu Zhenyu,Wang Shaopeng,Wan Shuming,Chen Xi,Gao Yunfei,Hu Linshuang,Dianqiu Lü. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Potato [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 97-103.
[4] Zhang Ruidong,Cao Xiong,Yue Zhongxiao,Liang Xiaohong,Liu Jing,Huang Minjia. Effects of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 110-115.
[5] An Xia,Zhang Haijun,Jiang Fangshan,Lianjie Lü,Chen Jun. Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sowing Densities on the Population Structure and Yield of Two Spike Type Winter Wheats [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 132-136.
[6] Li Shaokun,Zhang Wanxu,Wang Keru,Han Dongsheng,Yang Xiaoxia,Chen Yongsheng,Yu Wanbing,Liu Chaowei,Zhang Guoqiang,Liu Fenghe,Chen Jianglu,Yang Jingjing,Li Lulu,Xie Ruizhi,Hou Peng,Ming Bo. Study on Maize Mechanical Grain Harvest in Northern Xinjiang [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 127-131.
[7] Wang Xiaolin,Ji Xiaoling,Zhang Panpan,Zhang Xiong,Zhang Jing. Correlation Analysis between Aboveground Biomass Allocation and Grain Yield in Different Varieties of Foxtail Millet in the Dry Land of Loess Plateau [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 150-155.
[8] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121-125.
[9] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126-130.
[10] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138-142.
[11] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143-148.
[12] Huiqin Wen,Tianling Cheng,Ziyou Pei,Xue Li,Lisheng Zhang,Mei Zhu. Analysis of Comprehensive Characteristics of Wheat Varieties Registered in Shanxi Province in Recent Years [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 32-36.
[13] Menghan Wei, Huifang Xie, Lu Xing, Hui Song, Shujun Wang, Suying Wang, Haiping Liu, Nan Fu, Jinrong Liu. Comprehensive Evaluation of Yield and Agronomic Characters of Foxtail Millet Germplasms from North China [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 42-47.
[14] Xingchuan Zhang, Wenxuan Huang, Kuanyu Zhu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Agronomic Traits of Different Rice Cultivars [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 69-78.
[15] Fei Yang,Wenli Ma,Yongwei Chen,Zhansheng Zhang,Hao Wang. The Effects of Uniform Sowing and Drip Irrigation on the Spike Differentiation and Yield of Spring Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 84-88.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .