Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 155-161.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.019

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Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Sesame Capsule to Different Chemical Ripening Agents

Lü Shuli(), Ding Fang(), Zheng Dongfang   

  1. Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-03-14 Revised:2024-07-09 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different ripening agents on the yield and quality of sesame seeds, and to provide theoretical support for the mechanized sesame harvest, Shangzhi 196 was planted conventionally, and chemical ripening agents (ethephon, Lishougu+ethephon and 540 g/L thiazene+ethephon) were sprayed on sesame at the final flowering stage, and defoliation and dehydration of capsule layer, photosynthetic properties of capsule, photosynthetic efficiency, 1000-grain weight were investigated after three, six and nine days, respectively. The findings indicated that the water contents of the capsules, stems, and grains steadily reduced as the number of ripening days increased. The water content was much lower than that of CK, and the declining range grew as the concentration increased, defoliation and leaves fall rates were increasing and significantly higher than CK. Lishougu+ethephon treatment had the most notable impact on sesame dehydration and defoliation among the three ripening agents, followed by 540 g/L thiobenzene+ethephon treatment. After ripening agent treatment, the chlorophyll content of capsule decreased to different degrees. With the increase of ripening days, the chlorophyll destruction of capsule was serious under the treatment of Lishougu+ethephon. The actual photosynthetic rate of sesame decreased significantly compared with CK, and the potential activity of PSII (Fv/Fo) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) both decreased. With the increase of ripening days, the chlorophyll b content of 540 g/L thiabenzene+ethephon treatment increased first and then decreased. After accelerated ripening treatment, the 1000-grain weight, fat content and protein content of sesame decreased, and the effect was most significant under the treatment of Lishougu+ethephon, the effects of 540 g/L thiazene+ethephon treatment on sesame quality and yield were the least. Comprehensive analysis showed that the defoliation, dewatering and ripening effects of 540 g/L thiazene (SC) 45.0 g/ha+ethephon 2500 g/ha combination were significant, and had little effect on the photosynthetic efficiency of capsule in later period, and could obtain ideal ripening effects.

Key words: Sesame capsule, Chemical ripening agents, Photosynthetic efficiency, Yield, Fat content, Protein content

Table 1

Types and dosages of ripening agents g/hm2"

处理Treatment 有效成分Effective component
对照（CK） 清水
T1 乙烯利2500
T2 立收谷1500+乙烯利2500
T3 立收谷2000+乙烯利2500
T4 540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆（SC）45.0+乙烯利2500
T5 540 g/L噻苯·敌草隆（SC）67.5+乙烯利2500

Table 2

Effects of different ripening agents on leaf fall rates and defoliation of sesame %"

处理
Treatment		 3 d 6 d 9 d
脱叶率
Defoliation rate		 落叶率
Leaf fall rate		 脱叶率
Defoliation rate		 落叶率
Leaf fall rate		 脱叶率
Defoliation rate		 落叶率
Leaf fall rate
CK 8.54±0.23c 2.17±0.10d 25.52±0.71d 22.86±0.97c 61.49±3.46c 45.08±2.81c
T1 12.44±0.24c 4.12±0.12c 68.11±2.74c 42.99±1.69b 88.65±1.84b 84.29±1.91b
T2 32.57±1.19a 14.20±0.82a 80.00±1.98a 71.35±2.04a 97.06±3.37a 94.61±2.48ab
T3 36.28±0.29a 15.52±0.91a 85.32±2.16a 75.72±0.17a 99.30±4.27a 98.66±1.05a
T4 26.18±0.30b 12.87±0.17b 75.41±1.07ab 67.06±1.48a 93.11±1.29ab 90.14±1.29ab
T5 22.84±0.99b 12.74±0.49b 76.65±1.98ab 68.67±1.45a 94.43±4.21a 93.84±2.89ab

Table 3

The water contents of organs of sesame with different ripening agents %"

喷施后天数
Days after
spraying (d)		 处理
Treatment		 茎秆
Stem		 蒴果
Capsule		 籽粒
Grain
3 CK 43.23±1.89a 44.80±2.03a 41.51±0.53a
T1 38.31±0.85b 40.28±1.49b 36.56±1.17b
T2 33.84±0.70c 20.86±0.27d 24.96±0.79d
T3 28.23±0.95d 17.51±0.48e 22.78±1.18d
T4 34.55±0.56c 22.77±0.19c 27.85±0.07c
T5 29.11±1.11d 20.72±0.19d 24.90±0.51d
9 CK 28.31±0.83a 23.01±1.80a 29.74±1.27a
T1 20.12±1.01b 13.38±0.03b 15.27±0.66b
T2 14.01±0.40d 7.80±0.22c 11.22±0.52c
T3 13.88±0.72d 7.21±0.36c 10.21±0.49c
T4 15.12±0.38c 8.22±0.09c 11.88±0.79c
T5 13.97±0.55d 7.85±0.05c 11.07±0.07c

Table 4

Changes of chlorophyll contents of sesame-seed with different ripening agents mg/g"

处理
Treatment		 3 d 6 d 9 d
叶绿素a Chlorophyll a
CK 1.0045±0.0197a 0.8440±0.0388a 0.4730±0.0095a
T1 0.4256±0.0156b 0.3166±0.0141b 0.2187±0.0099b
T2 0.1622±0.0017c 0.1167±0.0036c 0.0271±0.0011e
T3 0.1153±0.0061d 0.0997±0.0035d 0.0170±0.0041d
T4 0.4270±0.0113b 0.3997±0.0083b 0.3448±0.0121b
T5 0.4203±0.0177b 0.4034±0.0088b 0.3174±0.0038c
叶绿素b Chlorophyll b
CK 0.2156±0.0025a 0.1692±0.0027a 0.1068±0.0052a
T1 0.0880±0.0066c 0.0770±0.0016c 0.0606±0.0014b
T2 0.0647±0.0028d 0.0220±0.0001a 0.0107±0.0004c
T3 0.0369±0.0019d 0.0159±0.0010a 0.0095±0.0001c
T4 0.0941±0.0016b 0.0959±0.0028b 0.0626±0.0012b
T5 0.0790±0.0051c 0.0832±0.0049b 0.0573±0.0010b
总叶绿素Total chlorophyll
CK 1.0045±0.0197a 0.8440±0.0388a 0.4730±0.0095a
T1 0.4256±0.0156b 0.3166±0.0141c 0.2187±0.0099b
T2 0.0271±0.0011c 0.1622±0.0017d 0.1167±0.0036c
T3 0.1704±0.0041d 0.1153±0.0061d 0.0997±0.0035c
T4 0.4370±0.0113b 0.4997±0.0083b 0.4048±0.0121b
T5 0.4283±0.0177b 0.4534±0.0088b 0.3674±0.0038b

Table 5

Effects of different ripening agents on photosynthetic parameters"

处理
Treatment		 3 d 9 d
Fo Fv/Fm Fv/Fo Fo Fv/Fm Fv/Fo
CK 104.4710±1.6199c 0.8230±0.0368a 4.6884±0.1266a 117.2936±6.7927d 0.6813±0.0211a 3.6827±0.1290a
T1 108.5940±1.1721c 0.8273±0.0321a 3.9209±0.0762b 127.9943±9.4376cd 0.5184±0.0136b 1.0673±0.0367b
T2 121.3950±2.2750b 0.6657±0.0072b 2.8888±0.1495c 160.3154±3.7378b 0.2659±0.0068d 0.6981±0.0202c
T3 138.3160±1.6848a 0.5670±0.0223c 2.4819±0.1982d 182.7926±8.6164a 0.2450±0.0044d 0.4668±0.0275d
T4 109.4445±5.1841c 0.7991±0.0279a 4.0299±0.1535b 136.0706±7.3870c 0.4940±0.0133bc 0.9931±0.0151b
T5 117.3920±2.2972bc 0.7716±0.0104a 3.9417±0.0519b 141.6411±3.8517c 0.5044±0.0163bc 0.9637±0.0209b

Table 6

Effects on Pn and gas exchange parameters of sesame capsule with different ripening agents"

处理
Treatment		 3 d 9 d
Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
(μmol/mol)		 Ci
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Tr
[mmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
(μmol/mol)		 Ci
[mmol/(m2·s)]
CK 15.62±0.79a 4.79±0.12ad 2.93±0.06a 246.70±8.78c 5.32±0.30a 2.05±0.06a 0.16±0.01a 265.18±10.19c
T1 14.30±0.13b 5.08±0.13a 2.67±0.10b 246.86±9.04c 3.99±0.07b 1.87±0.04b 0.11±0.01b 302.45±5.99b
T2 8.78±0.31c 3.76±0.11d 1.93±0.08d 285.89±14.27a -0.01±0.00c 1.42±0.04c 0.03±0.01d 351.60±1.67a
T3 6.59±0.27d 2.10±0.14e 1.63±0.05e 287.30±4.91a -2.97±0.15d 1.53±0.02d 0.02±0.01d 370.33±11.54a
T4 13.38±0.15b 4.54±0.14bc 2.38±0.02c 263.35±3.00bc 3.94±0.02b 1.81±0.04b 0.10±0.01c 289.42±16.51bc
T5 13.74±0.52b 4.38±0.18c 2.55±0.07bc 272.76±4.84ab 3.95±0.18b 1.85±0.04b 0.09±0.01c 312.38±14.61b

Table 7

Effects of different ripening agents on yield and quality of sesame"

处理
Treatment		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 脂肪含量
Fat content (kg/hm2)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (kg/hm2)
CK 2.77±0.09a 3641.37±154.85a 55.56±1.22a 20.42±0.56a
T1 2.63±0.03a 3499.65±64.70ab 52.97±1.82b 18.04±0.82b
T2 2.02±0.05b 3077.20±88.02cd 48.60±0.62cd 18.41±0.81b
T3 1.84±0.06c 2977.24±87.97d 46.53±0.32d 17.53±0.83b
T4 2.65±0.05a 3450.10±57.18bc 54.37±1.06ab 20.62±0.32a
T5 2.63±0.08b 3425.14±136.47bc 52.66±0.14b 20.10±0.48a
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