作物杂志,2019, 第2期: 173–178 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.027

所属专题: 杂粮作物

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

膜间喷施芽前除草剂对谷子安全性及对杂草防效的影响

刘韶光,赵夏童,宋喜娥,原向阳,董淑琦,郭美俊,郭平毅   

  1. 山西农业大学农学院,030801,山西太谷
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-23 修回日期:2018-12-18 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 宋喜娥
  • 基金资助:
    山西省自然科学基金面上青年基金(201601D202075);国家现代农业产业体系(CARS-06-13.5-A28);山西农业大学青年拔尖创新人才支持计划(TYIT201406);谷子全程机械化产业技术开发(2015-TN-09);山西省科技重点研发项目(2015-TN-09-05)

Effects of Intermembrane Spraying Pre-Germination Herbicide on the Safety of Millet and Weed Control

Shaoguang Liu,Xiatong Zhao,Xi’e Song,Xiangyang Yuan,Shuqi Dong,Meijun Guo,Pingyi Guo   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2018-11-23 Revised:2018-12-18 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Xi’e Song

摘要:

筛选对谷子安全且杀草效果较好的谷田芽前除草剂品种及施用剂量。以张杂谷10号为材料,针对覆膜穴播谷子膜间杂草危害问题,在前期试验的基础上选择乙草胺和异丙甲草胺两种芽前除草剂,设置不同剂量(乙草胺:2.25、4.50、6.75、9.00L/hm 2;异丙甲草胺:3.00、6.00、9.00、12.00L/hm 2),于谷子播后苗前进行土壤处理,从出苗率、形态指标、产量考察除草剂对谷子的安全性,从杂草株数、鲜重考察除草剂的防效。结果表明:2.25L/hm 2剂量的乙草胺和3.00、6.00L/hm 2剂量的异丙甲草胺处理对谷子较安全,出苗率、株高、叶面积等形态指标与对照均无显著差异,可使谷子不同程度地增产;4.50~9.00L/hm 2剂量的乙草胺和9.00~12.00L/hm 2剂量的异丙甲草胺对禾本科杂草防效较好,最高可达99%以上,对阔叶杂草防效最高可达90%以上,但显著抑制谷子出苗、株高和叶面积,对产量也有一定影响。因此,覆膜穴播谷田应用乙草胺推荐2.25L/hm 2,异丙甲草胺推荐6.00L/hm 2,对谷子安全且能有效控制谷田杂草。

关键词: 谷子, 除草剂, 膜间喷施, 乙草胺, 异丙甲草胺, 安全性, 防效

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to identify the selection of herbicides and dosage which was safe to millet growth and gain a better weed control. Zhangzagu 10 was selected as the test material, aiming at weed damage between travelling in the millet fields by plastic mulching and hole seeding. Based on the results of previous experiments, acetochlor and metolachlor had been selected. 4 doses such as 2.25, 4.50, 6.75, 9.00 liter per hm 2 for acetochlor and 3.00, 6.00, 9.00, 12.00 liter per hm 2 for metolachlor were used before seedling. The safety of millet in emergence rate, morphological index and yield, the control effects of herbicides in plant number and fresh weight were compared. Results showed that the treatment of 2.25L/hm 2 of acetochlor and 3.00L/hm 2, 6.00L/hm 2of metolachlor were safe to the millet under which the emergence rate, plant height, and leaf area had no significant difference from control, but had significant effect on yield of millet. The treatment of 4.50-9.00L/hm 2 of acetochlor and 9.00-12.00L/hm 2 of metolachlor had a great effect on grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, the highest being above 99% and 90%, respectively. However, under the higher dose the treatment significantly inhibited the emergence rate, plant height, leaf areas and the yield of millet. The recommended dose of acetochlor and metolachlor were 2.25L/hm 2 and 6.00L/hm 2 , respectively in millet fields with plastic mulch and hole seeding which could effectively control weeds but safety for millet.

Key words: Millet, Herbicide, Intermembrane spraying, Acetochlor, Metolachlor, Security, Control effect

表1

供试药剂及用量"

除草剂类型
Herbicide type
除草剂
Herbicide
剂量Dosage (L/hm2)
T1 T2 T3 T4
酰胺类Amides 乙草胺Acetochlor 2.25 4.50 6.75 9.00
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00

图1

除草剂对谷子出苗率的影响 不同字母表示0.05水平差异显著"

表2

除草剂对谷子株高、叶面积的影响"

除草剂
Herbicide
处理
Ttreatment
出苗后25d 25 days after emergence 出苗后40d 40 days after emergence
株高Plant height (cm) 叶面积Leaf area (cm2) 株高Plant height (cm) 叶面积Leaf area (cm2)
乙草胺Acetochlor CK 32.50±2.35a 24.16±1.43ab 91.77±3.23a 80.90±3.66a
T1 33.32±1.52a 25.74±3.61a 92.58±3.59a 83.16±3.86a
T2 30.84±1.72b 22.82±3.51bc 89.57±4.14a 73.40±7.38b
T3 28.87±0.85c 20.53±1.47c 84.68±4.51b 67.90±8.58bc
T4 28.17±1.67c 20.22±2.52c 85.16±3.56b 63.37±5.62c
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor CK 32.50±2.35a 24.16±1.44b 91.77±3.23a 80.90±3.66a
T1 32.62±1.66a 28.33±3.22a 92.13±2.01a 81.87±6.69a
T2 32.70±1.84a 27.44±5.58a 92.84±1.54a 81.11±3.05a
T3 29.97±1.61b 23.02±2.61b 87.72±4.20b 73.21±7.36b
T4 28.59±2.31b 22.99±1.97b 86.49±3.10b 69.80±6.10b

表3

谷子出苗后25d田间杂草防效"

除草剂
Herbicide
处理
Treatment
杂草株防效Weed plant control effect 杂草鲜重防效Weed fresh weight control effect
禾本科杂草
Gramineous weeds
阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds
禾本科杂草
Gramineous weeds
阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds
株数
Plant
number
株防效
Plant control
effect

株数
Plant
number
株防效
Plant control
effect
鲜重
Fresh
weight
鲜重防效
Fresh weight
control effect
鲜重
Fresh
weight
鲜重防效
Fresh weight
control effect
乙草胺Acetochlor T1 40.00 74.38b 15.33 67.14c 29.62 78.09c 25.81 57.09c
T2 20.67 89.77ab 11.33 76.18bc 21.13 84.00bc 20.55 66.01c
T3 5.67 97.19a 7.67 85.00ab 7.37 95.36ab 13.82 77.28b
T4 1.00 99.13a 5.33 89.67a 0.41 99.67a 8.10 86.74a
CK 210.67 - 59.33 - 152.97 - 60.71 -
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor T1 47.33 69.93b 17.67 63.14c 44.06 66.28b 33.94 43.40c
T2 24.33 86.48ab 13.00 69.86bc 25.16 82.72ab 25.58 57.93bc
T3 16.67 90.71a 7.33 83.33ab 19.30 86.97ab 16.39 72.98ab
T4 10.67 95.02a 4.00 90.86a 9.62 95.00a 6.78 89.23a
CK 210.67 - 59.33 - 152.97 - 60.71 -

表4

谷子出苗后40d田间杂草防效"

除草剂
Herbicide
处理
Treatment
杂草株防效Weed plant control effect 杂草鲜重防效Weed fresh weight control effect
禾本科杂草
Gramineous weeds
阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds
禾本科杂草
Gramineous weeds
阔叶杂草
Broadleaf weeds
株数
Plant
number
株防效
Plant control
effect

株数
Plant number
株防效
Plant control
effect
鲜重
Fresh
weight
鲜重防效
Fresh weight
control effect
鲜重
Fresh
weight
鲜重防效
Fresh weight
control effect
乙草胺Acetochlor T1 9.67 78.35b 4.00 74.03b 614.25 71.41c 301.56 58.56d
T2 5.00 88.59ab 4.00 73.75b 195.00 89.40b 230.45 68.31c
T3 2.33 93.72a 1.67 89.03a 20.47 98.46a 165.00 77.36b
T4 1.67 95.77a 1.67 89.03a 27.03 98.01a 73.39 89.79a
CK 43.77 - 5.33 - 703.00 - 770.63 -
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor T1 8.00 80.70b 3.67 58.61c 166.90 73.00b 227.14 68.04b
T2 4.67 88.58ab 2.67 65.14bc 100.85 82.62b 234.61 67.49b
T3 2.33 94.01a 4.67 69.45b 15.00 97.56a 87.53 88.09a
T4 2.00 95.05a 5.33 82.64a 15.71 96.81a 72.90 89.66a
CK 43.77 - 5.33 - 703.00 - 770.63 -

表5

除草剂对谷子产量的影响"

除草剂
Herbicide
处理
Treatment
重复Ⅰ产量(kg/hm2)
Repeat Ⅰyield
重复Ⅱ产量(kg/hm2)
Repeat Ⅱ yield
重复Ⅲ产量(kg/hm2)
Repeat Ⅲ yield
平均产量(kg/hm2)
Average yield
增产率(%)
Yield increase rate
乙草胺Acetochlor CK 8 940.37 8 834.78 8 578.37 8 784.51b -
T1 9 726.29 9 665.67 9 764.23 9 718.73a 10.63
T2 8 621.82 8 636.03 8 861.41 8 706.42b -0.09
T3 7 385.28 6 253.66 5 400.26 6 346.40c -27.75
T4 4 893.58 5 533.28 5 082.76 5 169.87d -41.15
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor CK 8 940.37 8 834.78 8 578.37 8 784.51ab -
T1 9 120.50 9 724.89 10 790.87 9 878.75a 12.46
T2 8 415.17 9 497.13 9 221.02 9 044.44ab 2.96
T3 7 460.09 8 854.03 7 887.13 8 067.08b -8.17
T4 5 741.46 6 499.56 6 981.20 6 407.41c -27.06
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