膜间喷施芽前除草剂对谷子安全性及对杂草防效的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

筛选对谷子安全且杀草效果较好的谷田芽前除草剂品种及施用剂量。以张杂谷10号为材料,针对覆膜穴播谷子膜间杂草危害问题,在前期试验的基础上选择乙草胺和异丙甲草胺两种芽前除草剂,设置不同剂量（乙草胺：2.25、4.50、6.75、9.00L/hm ²;异丙甲草胺：3.00、6.00、9.00、12.00L/hm ²）,于谷子播后苗前进行土壤处理,从出苗率、形态指标、产量考察除草剂对谷子的安全性,从杂草株数、鲜重考察除草剂的防效。结果表明：2.25L/hm ²剂量的乙草胺和3.00、6.00L/hm ²剂量的异丙甲草胺处理对谷子较安全,出苗率、株高、叶面积等形态指标与对照均无显著差异,可使谷子不同程度地增产;4.50~9.00L/hm ²剂量的乙草胺和9.00~12.00L/hm ²剂量的异丙甲草胺对禾本科杂草防效较好,最高可达99%以上,对阔叶杂草防效最高可达90%以上,但显著抑制谷子出苗、株高和叶面积,对产量也有一定影响。因此,覆膜穴播谷田应用乙草胺推荐2.25L/hm ²,异丙甲草胺推荐6.00L/hm ²,对谷子安全且能有效控制谷田杂草。

关键词: 谷子, 除草剂, 膜间喷施, 乙草胺, 异丙甲草胺, 安全性, 防效

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to identify the selection of herbicides and dosage which was safe to millet growth and gain a better weed control. Zhangzagu 10 was selected as the test material, aiming at weed damage between travelling in the millet fields by plastic mulching and hole seeding. Based on the results of previous experiments, acetochlor and metolachlor had been selected. 4 doses such as 2.25, 4.50, 6.75, 9.00 liter per hm ² for acetochlor and 3.00, 6.00, 9.00, 12.00 liter per hm ² for metolachlor were used before seedling. The safety of millet in emergence rate, morphological index and yield, the control effects of herbicides in plant number and fresh weight were compared. Results showed that the treatment of 2.25L/hm ² of acetochlor and 3.00L/hm ², 6.00L/hm ²of metolachlor were safe to the millet under which the emergence rate, plant height, and leaf area had no significant difference from control, but had significant effect on yield of millet. The treatment of 4.50-9.00L/hm ² of acetochlor and 9.00-12.00L/hm ² of metolachlor had a great effect on grass weeds and broadleaf weeds, the highest being above 99% and 90%, respectively. However, under the higher dose the treatment significantly inhibited the emergence rate, plant height, leaf areas and the yield of millet. The recommended dose of acetochlor and metolachlor were 2.25L/hm ² and 6.00L/hm ² , respectively in millet fields with plastic mulch and hole seeding which could effectively control weeds but safety for millet.

Key words: Millet, Herbicide, Intermembrane spraying, Acetochlor, Metolachlor, Security, Control effect

刘韶光,赵夏童,宋喜娥,原向阳,董淑琦,郭美俊,郭平毅. 膜间喷施芽前除草剂对谷子安全性及对杂草防效的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (2): 173–178

Shaoguang Liu,Xiatong Zhao,Xi’e Song,Xiangyang Yuan,Shuqi Dong,Meijun Guo,Pingyi Guo. Effects of Intermembrane Spraying Pre-Germination Herbicide on the Safety of Millet and Weed Control[J]. Crops, 2019(2): 173–178

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除草剂类型 Herbicide type	除草剂 Herbicide	剂量Dosage (L/hm²)
除草剂类型 Herbicide type	除草剂 Herbicide	T1	T2	T3	T4
酰胺类Amides	乙草胺Acetochlor	2.25	4.50	6.75	9.00
	异丙甲草胺Metolachlor	3.00	6.00	9.00	12.00

除草剂 Herbicide	处理 Ttreatment	出苗后25d 25 days after emergence		出苗后40d 40 days after emergence
除草剂 Herbicide	处理 Ttreatment	株高Plant height (cm)	叶面积Leaf area (cm²)	株高Plant height (cm)	叶面积Leaf area (cm²)
乙草胺Acetochlor	CK	32.50±2.35a	24.16±1.43ab	91.77±3.23a	80.90±3.66a
	T1	33.32±1.52a	25.74±3.61a	92.58±3.59a	83.16±3.86a
	T2	30.84±1.72b	22.82±3.51bc	89.57±4.14a	73.40±7.38b
	T3	28.87±0.85c	20.53±1.47c	84.68±4.51b	67.90±8.58bc
	T4	28.17±1.67c	20.22±2.52c	85.16±3.56b	63.37±5.62c
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor	CK	32.50±2.35a	24.16±1.44b	91.77±3.23a	80.90±3.66a
	T1	32.62±1.66a	28.33±3.22a	92.13±2.01a	81.87±6.69a
	T2	32.70±1.84a	27.44±5.58a	92.84±1.54a	81.11±3.05a
	T3	29.97±1.61b	23.02±2.61b	87.72±4.20b	73.21±7.36b
	T4	28.59±2.31b	22.99±1.97b	86.49±3.10b	69.80±6.10b

除草剂 Herbicide	处理 Treatment	杂草株防效Weed plant control effect				杂草鲜重防效Weed fresh weight control effect
		禾本科杂草 Gramineous weeds		阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds		禾本科杂草 Gramineous weeds		阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds
		株数 Plant number	株防效 Plant control effect	株数 Plant number	株防效 Plant control effect	鲜重 Fresh weight	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect	鲜重 Fresh weight	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect
乙草胺Acetochlor	T1	40.00	74.38b	15.33	67.14c	29.62	78.09c	25.81	57.09c
	T2	20.67	89.77ab	11.33	76.18bc	21.13	84.00bc	20.55	66.01c
	T3	5.67	97.19a	7.67	85.00ab	7.37	95.36ab	13.82	77.28b
	T4	1.00	99.13a	5.33	89.67a	0.41	99.67a	8.10	86.74a
	CK	210.67	-	59.33	-	152.97	-	60.71	-
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor	T1	47.33	69.93b	17.67	63.14c	44.06	66.28b	33.94	43.40c
	T2	24.33	86.48ab	13.00	69.86bc	25.16	82.72ab	25.58	57.93bc
	T3	16.67	90.71a	7.33	83.33ab	19.30	86.97ab	16.39	72.98ab
	T4	10.67	95.02a	4.00	90.86a	9.62	95.00a	6.78	89.23a
	CK	210.67	-	59.33	-	152.97	-	60.71	-

除草剂 Herbicide	处理 Treatment	杂草株防效Weed plant control effect				杂草鲜重防效Weed fresh weight control effect
		禾本科杂草 Gramineous weeds		阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds		禾本科杂草 Gramineous weeds		阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds
		株数 Plant number	株防效 Plant control effect	株数 Plant number	株防效 Plant control effect	鲜重 Fresh weight	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect	鲜重 Fresh weight	鲜重防效 Fresh weight control effect
乙草胺Acetochlor	T1	9.67	78.35b	4.00	74.03b	614.25	71.41c	301.56	58.56d
	T2	5.00	88.59ab	4.00	73.75b	195.00	89.40b	230.45	68.31c
	T3	2.33	93.72a	1.67	89.03a	20.47	98.46a	165.00	77.36b
	T4	1.67	95.77a	1.67	89.03a	27.03	98.01a	73.39	89.79a
	CK	43.77	-	5.33	-	703.00	-	770.63	-
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor	T1	8.00	80.70b	3.67	58.61c	166.90	73.00b	227.14	68.04b
	T2	4.67	88.58ab	2.67	65.14bc	100.85	82.62b	234.61	67.49b
	T3	2.33	94.01a	4.67	69.45b	15.00	97.56a	87.53	88.09a
	T4	2.00	95.05a	5.33	82.64a	15.71	96.81a	72.90	89.66a
	CK	43.77	-	5.33	-	703.00	-	770.63	-

除草剂 Herbicide	处理 Treatment	重复Ⅰ产量(kg/hm²) Repeat Ⅰyield	重复Ⅱ产量(kg/hm²) Repeat Ⅱ yield	重复Ⅲ产量(kg/hm²) Repeat Ⅲ yield	平均产量(kg/hm²) Average yield	增产率(%) Yield increase rate
乙草胺Acetochlor	CK	8 940.37	8 834.78	8 578.37	8 784.51b	-
	T1	9 726.29	9 665.67	9 764.23	9 718.73a	10.63
	T2	8 621.82	8 636.03	8 861.41	8 706.42b	-0.09
	T3	7 385.28	6 253.66	5 400.26	6 346.40c	-27.75
	T4	4 893.58	5 533.28	5 082.76	5 169.87d	-41.15
异丙甲草胺Metolachlor	CK	8 940.37	8 834.78	8 578.37	8 784.51ab	-
	T1	9 120.50	9 724.89	10 790.87	9 878.75a	12.46
	T2	8 415.17	9 497.13	9 221.02	9 044.44ab	2.96
	T3	7 460.09	8 854.03	7 887.13	8 067.08b	-8.17
	T4	5 741.46	6 499.56	6 981.20	6 407.41c	-27.06