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作物杂志,2023, 第2期: 222–228 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.02.032

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对谷子农艺性状及产量的影响

马继钰1,2(), 王爽1,2, 李云3, 郭振清1,2, 王健1,2, 林小虎1,2(), 韩玉翠1,2()   

  1. 1河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室，066004，河北秦皇岛
    2河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院，066004，河北秦皇岛
    3河北科技师范学院乡村振兴研究中心，066004，河北秦皇岛
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-11 修回日期:2022-07-31 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 韩玉翠，主要从事作物栽培与遗传育种研究，E-mail：yucuihan84@163.com；林小虎为共同通信作者，主要从事作物栽培与遗传育种研究，E-mail：xiaohulin2008@163.com
  • 作者简介:马继钰，主要从事作物绿色高产优质高效关键技术研究，E-mail：1064760365@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目(22326314D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队（杂粮杂豆）项目(HBCT2018070404)

Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Foxtail Millet

Ma Jiyu1,2(), Wang Shuang1,2, Li Yun3, Guo Zhenqing1,2, Wang Jian1,2, Lin Xiaohu1,2(), Han Yucui1,2()   

  1. 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
    3Research Center of Rural Vitalization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-07-11 Revised:2022-07-31 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-11

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摘要：

为探索冀东地区3个夏谷品种的适宜播种密度，以冀谷38、冀谷39和冀杂金苗一号为试材，设置45.0万（M1）、52.5万（M2）、60.0万（M3）和67.5万株/hm2（M4）4个种植密度，对农艺性状及产量进行了分析。结果表明，谷子的株高和穗数随着种植密度的增加逐渐增加，茎粗、顶3叶面积、穗长、穗粗、码数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重和出谷率均随着种植密度的增加逐渐降低。3个品种的穗数均在M4处理下最高，显著高于其他处理。3个品种的穗粒重均在M1处理下最高，分别为19.13、18.17和16.38g。3个品种的千粒重均在M1处理下最高，分别为3.01、2.72和2.58g。冀谷38产量在M3处理下最高，为6339.6kg/hm2，显著高于M1和M2处理，分别增产13.04%和10.86%。冀杂金苗一号产量在M3处理下最高，为5410.0kg/hm2，显著高于M1和M4处理，分别增产23.73%和7.17%。冀谷39的产量随着种植密度的增加逐渐增加，在M4处理下最高，为6189.0kg/hm2，显著高于M1和M2处理，分别增产19.59%和11.19%。

关键词: 谷子, 种植密度, 株型性状, 穗部性状, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the suitable planting density of three summer foxtail millet varieties in eastern Hebei province, Jigu 38, Jigu 39 and Jizajinmiao No.1 were used as test materials, and four planting densities of 4.50×105 (M1), 5.25×105 (M2), 6.00×105 (M3) and 6.75×105 plants/ha (M4) were set in this study. Then the agronomic traits and yield were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height and panicle number increased gradually with increasing planting density, while the stem diameter, area of the top three leaves, panicle length, panicle diameter, spikelet number, weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1000-grain weight and milled millet percentage all decreased gradually with the increase of planting density. The panicle number of the three varieties were the highest under M4 treatment, which were significantly higher than that of other treatments. The grain weight per panicle of the three varieties were the highest under M1 treatment, which were 19.13, 18.17 and 16.38g, respectively. The 1000-grain weight of the three varieties were the highest under M1 treatment, which were 3.01, 2.72 and 2.58g, respectively. The yield of Jigu 38 was the highest under M3 treatment (6339.6kg/ha), which was significantly higher than that of M1 and M2 treatments, increasing by 13.04% and 10.86%, respectively. The yield of Jizajinmiao No.1 was the highest under M3 treatment (5410.0kg/ha), which was significantly higher than that of M1 and M4 treatments, increasing by 23.73% and 7.17%, respectively. The yield of Jigu 39 increased gradually with the increase of planting density, and it was the highest under M4 treatment (6189.0kg/ha), which was significantly higher than that of M1 and M2 treatments, increasing by 19.59% and 11.19%, respectively.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Planting density, Plant type characteristics, Panicle traits, Yield

表1

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的方差分析

变异来源
Source of
variation		 株高
Plant
height		 茎粗
Stem
diameter		 顶3叶面积
Area of top
three leaves		 穗长
Panicle
length		 穗粗
Panicle
diameter		 码数
Spikelet
number		 穗数
Panicle
number		 单穗重
Weight
per panicle		 穗粒重
Grain weight
per panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 出谷率
Milled millet
percentage		 产量
Yield
品种Variety 0.001 0.543 0.001 0.032 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.026 0.001 0.001 0.668 0.001
密度Density 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.100 0.001
品种×密度Variety×density 0.001 0.870 0.998 0.494 0.052 0.003 0.421 0.976 0.692 0.812 0.981 0.002

图1

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的株高 不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P < 0.05水平上差异显著，下同

图2

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的茎粗

图3

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种顶3叶面积

表2

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的穗部性状

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 穗长
Panicle
length (cm)		 穗粗
Panicle
diameter (cm)		 码数
Spikelet
number		 穗数
Panicle number
(×104/hm2)		 单穗重
Weight per
panicle (g)		 穗粒重
Grain weight
per panicle (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 出谷率
Milled millet
percentage (%)
冀谷38
Jigu 38		 M1 24.16±0.79a 2.81±0.05a 73.00±1.50a 42.00±1.00d 21.46±1.03a 19.13±1.00a 3.01±0.06a 89.30±4.51a
M2 22.72±0.90a 2.79±0.06a 72.00±0.33a 48.00±2.00c 19.48±2.16ab 16.61±1.36b 2.73±0.29ab 85.97±9.85a
M3 22.44±0.87a 2.73±0.09a 72.00±2.20a 55.67±1.53b 18.97±2.60ab 15.73±1.36bc 2.68±0.14ab 84.06±5.29a
M4 22.38±0.94a 2.68±0.05a 71.00±3.00a 61.67±1.53a 16.50±1.12b 13.58±0.83c 2.50±0.10b 82.55±5.77a
冀谷39
Jigu 39		 M1 23.94±0.60a 2.56±0.04a 70.00±1.00a 41.67±1.15d 20.67±0.81a 18.17±0.55a 2.72±0.01a 88.00±3.61a
M2 22.80±0.93ab 2.53±0.08a 70.00±3.00a 47.33±1.53c 19.21±1.72ab 16.32±0.91b 2.51±0.25ab 85.40±7.51a
M3 21.70±0.30ab 2.43±0.03a 68.00±1.00a 54.00±1.00b 18.08±0.55b 14.92±0.95c 2.50±0.23ab 82.59±2.89a
M4 19.10±0.85b 2.08±0.08b 64.00±1.73b 60.00±2.00a 16.98±1.20b 13.61±0.40c 2.25±0.22b 80.41±5.69a
冀杂金苗一号
Jizajinmiao
No.1		 M1 24.07±0.81a 2.15±0.15a 74.00±1.53a 41.67±1.53d 19.06±3.08a 16.38±0.61a 2.58±0.15a 87.63±1.53a
M2 21.35±0.85ab 2.14±0.07a 69.00±2.00b 46.33±1.53c 18.03±0.49ab 15.60±1.25a 2.36±0.04ab 86.55±2.31a
M3 18.70±0.80b 1.84±0.10b 66.00±1.53b 52.67±1.15b 16.66±0.37ab 14.02±0.17b 2.19±0.34bc 84.18±2.00a
M4 17.98±0.29b 1.82±0.18b 61.00±2.89c 57.33±1.53a 15.61±0.42b 11.92±0.12c 1.84±0.10c 76.37±2.08a

图4

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的产量

表3

不同种植密度下3个谷子品种的相关性分析

性状
Characteristic		 株高
Plant
height		 茎粗
Stem
diameter		 顶3
叶面积
Area of top
three leaves		 穗长
Panicle
length		 穗粗
Panicle
diameter		 码数
Spikelet
number		 穗数
Panicle
number		 单穗重
Weight per
panicle		 穗粒重
Grain
weight per
panicle		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 出谷率
Milled
millet
percentage		 产量
Yield
株高Plant height 1
茎粗Stem diameter -0.67* 1
顶3叶面积
Area of top three leaves		 0.33 0.27 1
穗长Panicle length -0.24 0.72** 0.77** 1
穗粗Panicle diameter 0.32 0.26 0.97** 0.78** 1
码数Spikelet number -0.20 0.73** 0.74** 0.91** 0.75** 1
穗数Panicle number 0.73** -0.89** -0.27 -0.66* -0.22 -0.56 1
单穗重Weight per panicle -0.26 0.68* 0.75** 0.85** 0.68* 0.73** -0.80** 1
穗粒重
Grain weight per panicle		 -0.34 0.74** 0.72** 0.85** 0.65* 0.76** -0.85** 0.99** 1
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 0.01 0.59* 0.91** 0.91** 0.87** 0.88** -0.57 0.90** 0.90** 1
出谷率
Milled millet percentage		 -0.49 0.87** 0.56 0.82** 0.51 0.83** -0.84** 0.86** 0.92** 0.83** 1
产量Yield 0.87** -0.58* 0.45 -0.12 0.46 -0.05 0.63* -0.10 -0.15 0.16 -0.26 1
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