播期对糯玉米籽粒产量及品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足农户对糯玉米种植的不同需求,探讨山西中晚熟地区播期对糯玉米产量与品质的影响。以晋糯18和晋糯20为试验材料,4月26日-7月5日,设置6个播期处理,研究其对产量、穗长、百粒重、穗粒重及籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维素及赖氨酸相对含量的影响。结果表明,播期与品种对糯玉米产量及品质都有显著影响。其中B3播期（5月24日）处理下2个糯玉米品种产量、穗长、百粒重及穗粒重都高于其他播期处理,说明糯玉米适宜在小满前后播种。提前播期有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸相对含量的提高,而推迟播期降低籽粒粗纤维素、赖氨酸相对含量。B1与B6播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量低于其他播期,且B4、B5播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量高于其他播期。说明适当推迟播期有利于籽粒淀粉相对含量的提高,但过早或过迟播种均显著降低籽粒淀粉含量。糯玉米籽粒中粗纤维素含量与品种遗传背景密切相关,且推迟播种后品种差异对籽粒淀粉含量的影响降低。通过相关性分析发现积温、降水量与产量、穗粒重以及赖氨酸相对含量均达到极显著正相关关系,与穗长、百粒重均达到显著正相关关系,说明播期对产量性状及籽粒赖氨酸相对含量有显著影响。在山西中晚熟地区糯玉米在小满前后播种时产量最高,适当提前有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸含量的提高,适当推迟有利于籽粒粗纤维素、淀粉含量的提高。

关键词: 糯玉米, 播期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to meet the different demands of farmers for waxy maize planting, the effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of waxy maize in mid-late ripening areas of Shanxi Province was studied. With the Jinnuo 18 and Jinnuo 20 as experimental materials, from April 26th to July 5th, six sowing date treatments were set to study their effects on yield, spike length, 100-grain weight, grain spike weight and relative contents of grain protein, starch, crude fiber and lysine. The results showed that sowing date and variety have significant effects on the yield and quality of waxy maize. The yield, spike length, 100-grain weight and grain spike weight of the two waxy maize varieties under B3 sowing date treatments (May 24th) were significantly higher than those under other sowing date treatments, which indicated that waxy maize was suitable for sowing around the Grain Full. Earlier sowing date could increase relative contents of grain protein and lysine, and delaying the sowing date would decrease the contents of grain crude fiber and lysine of waxy maize. The relative starch contents of waxy maize at B1 and B6 sowing dates were lower than that of other sowing dates, and the relative starch contents of waxy maize at B4 and B5 sowing dates were higher than that of other sowing dates. The results showed that the proper delay of sowing date could improve the relative starch content of waxy maize, but the early or too late sowing could reduce the starch content of waxy maize. Through correlation analysis, it was found that accumulated temperature and precipitation had a significant positive correlation with yield, grain spike weight and lysine relative content and a significant positive correlation with spike length and 100-grain weight, indicating that sowing date had a significant impact on yield traits and lysine relative content in grain. In mid-late ripening areas of Shanxi Province, the yield of waxy maize is the highest when sowing around B3, properly advancing sowing date is beneficial to increase the contents of grain protein and lysine, and properly delaying sowing date is beneficial to increase the contents of grain crude fiber and starch content.

Key words: Waxy maize, Sowing date, Yield, Quality

周伟,崔福柱,段宏凯,郝国花,杨慧,刘芮芮. 播期对糯玉米籽粒产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (2): 156–161

Zhou Wei,Cui Fuzhu,Duan Hongkai,Hao Guohua,Yang Hui,Liu Ruirui. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize[J]. Crops, 2020(2): 156–161

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品种Variety	播期Sowing date	穗长Spike length (cm)	百粒重100-grain weight (g)	穗粒重Grain weight per spike(g)	产量Yield (kg/hm²)
A1	B1	22.50±1.46abc	31.58±3.89c	205.28±30.75cd	11 950.86±100.46bc
	B2	22.57±1.47ab	37.10±1.78ab	223.24±31.48bc	13 393.98±188.93ab
	B3	22.56±0.83ab	38.44±2.35a	236.94±33.95ab	13 752.55±95.29a
	B4	23.80±1.30a	37.31±3.47ab	255.62±34.65a	11 588.60±210.02cd
	B5	21.90±1.23bcde	36.21±2.61ab	187.11±31.83de	8 655.67±228.26ef
	B6	20.32±0.95cde	21.78±1.92c	131.45±20.35f	7 262.77±105.19fg
A2	B1	20.84±1.39de	25.87±3.21d	175.33±23.65e	10 948.55±175.95cd
	B2	21.08±1.51bcde	36.58±1.89ab	217.09±20.70bc	10 267.81±203.29de
	B3	22.22±1.50abcd	36.89±3.71ab	228.82±36.82abc	12 045.94±110.41bc
	B4	20.01±1.43e	34.35±3.87b	213.63±31.62bcd	9 866.06±87.47de
	B5	18.22±1.91f	27.37±1.83d	200.83±27.87cde	9 120.38±171.38e
	B6	16.41±1.67g	18.83±2.04f	95.01±11.49g	5 883.35±247.38g

品种Variety	播期Sowing date	蛋白质含量Protein content	淀粉含量Starch content	粗纤维含量Crude fiber content	赖氨酸含量Lysine content
A1	B1	10.08±0.04bc	72.75±0.35bc	3.24±0.09cd	0.17±0.02abcd
	B2	10.17±0.09ab	73.30±0.57ab	3.27±0.07cd	0.15±0.01cde
	B3	9.97±0.10cde	73.25±0.50ab	3.32±0.11c	0.16±0.01bcd
	B4	9.85±0.09ef	73.51±0.56a	3.33±0.04c	0.13±0.01ef
	B5	9.83±0.09f	73.63±0.22a	3.32±0.09c	0.13±0.01de
	B6	9.85±0.07ef	72.38±0.53cd	3.17±0.08d	0.11±0.02fg
A2	B1	10.24±0.13a	71.58±0.23e	3.64±0.11a	0.18±0.02a
	B2	10.29±0.03a	71.98±0.18de	3.66±0.08a	0.17±0.02abc
	B3	10.06±0.06bcd	72.27±0.29cd	3.72±0.02a	0.18±0.01ab
	B4	9.96±0.14cde	72.48±0.43cde	3.67±0.07a	0.16±0.03bcde
	B5	9.98±0.07def	72.20±0.25cde	3.68±0.06a	0.17±0.01cde
	B6	10.11±0.04ab	72.30±0.35cd	3.50±0.09b	0.09±0.01g

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	穗长 Spike length	百粒重 100-grain weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per spike	产量 Yield	蛋白质含量 Protein content	粗纤维含量 Crude fiber content	淀粉含量 Starch content	赖氨酸含量 Lysine content	积温 Accumulated temperature
穗长Spike length	-1.00
百粒重100-grain weight	-0.74^**	-1.00
穗粒重Grain weight per spike	-0.75^**	-0.91^**	-1.00
产量Yield	-0.78^**	-0.77^**	-0.84^**	-1.00
蛋白质含量Protein content	-0.13	-0.05	-0.03	-0.22	-1.00
粗纤维含量Crude fiber content	-0.42	-0.01	-0.09	-0.08	-0.43	-1.00
淀粉含量Starch content	-0.51	-0.55	-0.40	-0.32	-0.59^*	-0.67^*	-1.00
赖氨酸含量Lysine content	-0.53	-0.48	-0.58^*	-0.64^*	-0.36	-0.32	-0.30	1.00
积温Accumulated temperature	-0.56^*	-0.49	-0.56^*	-0.78^**	-0.65^*	-0.12	-0.13	0.76^**	1.00

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	穗长 Spike length	百粒重 100-grain weight	穗粒重 Grain weight per spike	产量 Yield	蛋白质含量 Protein content	粗纤维含量 Crude fiber content	淀粉含量 Starch content	赖氨酸含量 Lysine content	降水量 Precipitation
穗长Spike length	-1.00
百粒重100-grain weight	-0.74^**	-1.00
穗粒重Grain weight per spike	-0.75^**	-0.91^**	-1.00
产量Yield	-0.78^**	-0.77^**	-0.84^**	-1.00
蛋白质含量Protein content	-0.13	-0.05	-0.03	-0.22	-1.00
粗纤维含量Crude fiber content	-0.42	-0.01	-0.09	-0.08	-0.43	-1.00
淀粉含量Starch content	-0.51	-0.55	-0.40	-0.32	-0.59^*	-0.67^*	-1.00
赖氨酸含量Lysine content	-0.53	-0.48	-0.58^*	-0.64^*	-0.36	-0.32	-0.30	1.00
降水量Precipitation	-0.63^*	-0.64^*	-0.72^**	-0.83^**	-0.55	-0.17	-0.02	0.74^**	1.00