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作物杂志,2021, 第2期: 71–76 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.02.010

所属专题： 水稻专题

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

抽穗开花期喷施MeJA对粳稻产量和品质的影响

杨宇尘1,2(), 杜志敏1, 张小鹏1, 李坤译1, 沈家琪1, 徐海1()   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业农村部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,110866,辽宁沈阳
    2黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,150038,黑龙江哈尔滨
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-25 修回日期:2020-11-14 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 徐海
  • 作者简介:杨宇尘,研究方向为作物育种原理与技术,E-mail： yycbenben@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100502);辽宁省科技重大专项(2019JH1/10200001);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-01-11)

Effects of Spraying Methyl Jasmonate on Yield and Grain Quality of Japonica Rice during Heading and Flowering Stage

Yang Yuchen1,2(), Du Zhimin1, Zhang Xiaopeng1, Li Kunyi1, Shen Jiaqi1, Xu Hai1()   

  1. 1Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
    2Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Harbin 150038, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-05-25 Revised:2020-11-14 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-16
  • Contact: Xu Hai

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摘要：

茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）可有效促进水稻颖花开放,使父母本花时相遇,提高制种产量,但MeJA对水稻产量和米质的影响研究报道较少。以辽宁稻区具有代表性的4个粳稻品种为试验材料,研究了抽穗开花期喷施不同浓度的MeJA对产量和米质性状的影响。结果表明,喷施MeJA可显著降低粳稻产量,且浓度越大,降低的程度越明显。MeJA对产量结构中的有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重没有显著影响,但对结实率影响显著,尤其一次枝梗和二次枝梗的结实率均随MeJA浓度的升高呈极显著下降趋势,而结实率的显著下降是产量下降的主要原因。喷施MeJA可显著降低粳稻品质。与对照相比,不同浓度MeJA处理下精米率显著下降,且浓度越大,降低程度越明显,整精米率在高浓度处理下降低程度达极显著水平。但垩白粒率和垩白度变化不显著。随MeJA喷施浓度升高,稻米蛋白质含量提高,而直链淀粉含量和食味值下降。本研究可为生产上充分发挥MeJA调控花时的作用,同时避免对产量和米质的不利影响提供理论依据。

关键词: 粳稻, 茉莉酸甲酯, 抽穗开花期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can promote the opening process of rice florets, enable the floret opening time of parents to meet each other and increase yield of hybrid seed production effectively. However, few researches on the affects of MeJA on rice yield and grain quality. In this study, four representative japonica rice cultivars from Liaoning rice region were used as test materials. Different concentrations of MeJA were used during the heading and flowering stages. Yield and grain quality traits were measured during harvesting period. The results indicated that spraying MeJA could significantly reduced the yield of japonica rice. The greater the concentration was, the more obviously the degree of reduction caused. MeJA had no significant effect on the number of effective panicles, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight of yield components, but had significant impact on seed-setting rate. In particular, the seed-setting rates of primary branch and secondary branch were significantly decreased with the increase of MeJA concentration. It could be inferred that after spraying MeJA, the significant decrease in seed-setting rate was the main reason for the decline in the yield of japonica rice. Spraying MeJA could significantly decreased the quality of japonica rice. Compared with the control, under different concentrations of MeJA treatment, the milled rice rate was decreased significantly, and the greater the concentration was, the more obviously the decrease caused. The head milled rice rate was decreased significantly under treatment of high concentration MeJA. The effects of spraying MeJA on chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree did not reach up to a significant level. The protein content increased and amylose content and taste score decreased with the increase of MeJA concentration. This study can provide a theoretical basis on full utilization of MeJA in regulating floret opening time in production and avoiding adverse effect on yield and grain quality.

Key words: Japonica rice, Methyl jasmonate, Heading and flowering stage, Yield, Quality

图1

不同浓度MeJA对4个粳稻品种产量的影响 小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平上差异显著,大写字母表示处理间在0.01水平上差异显著,下同

图2

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻品种结实率的影响

图3

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻品种有效穗数的影响

图4

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻品种千粒重的影响

图5

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻品种穗粒数的影响

表1

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻品种穗部性状的调控效果

品种
Cultivar		 MeJA浓度
MeJA concentration
(mmol/L)		 穗长
Panicle
length
(cm)		 一次枝梗数
Primary
branch
number		 二次枝梗数
Secondary
branch
number		 一次枝梗结实率
Primary branch seed-setting
rate (%)		 二次枝梗结实率
Secondary branch seed-setting
rate (%)		 着粒密度
(粒/10cm)
Spikelet density
(grain/10cm)		 穗型指数
Panicle
trait index
北粳1号 0(CK) 18.98aA 13.70bA 26.00aA 94.17aA 92.93aA 86.91aA 0.39abA
Beijing 1 4 19.04aA 14.47abA 27.63aA 92.87aA 69.27bB 85.70aA 0.36bA
8 18.94aA 14.30abA 28.80aA 86.13abA 57.73bcBC 83.85aA 0.42aA
16 19.47aA 14.73aA 29.33aA 76.30bA 41.87cC 80.70aA 0.41aA
沈稻6号 0(CK) 18.22aA 13.07aA 23.57aA 92.90aA 90.57aA 78.86aA 0.41aA
Shendao 6 4 18.57aA 13.37aA 22.53aA 76.80bA 58.17bB 76.56aA 0.41aA
8 17.62aA 12.67aA 21.57aA 76.37bA 52.93bcB 74.98aA 0.41aA
16 17.83aA 13.10aA 21.60aA 56.03cB 36.97cB 74.88aA 0.41aA
辽粳9号 0(CK) 20.18aA 13.60bA 36.17bA 92.63aA 91.53aA 100.79aA 0.41aA
Liaojing 9 4 19.85aA 13.77abA 37.23abA 77.10bAB 49.13bB 100.77aA 0.40aA
8 20.07aA 14.30abA 38.83abA 61.53cBC 28.23cBC 97.47aA 0.40aA
16 20.60aA 14.50aA 40.03aA 47.67dC 22.37cC 94.91aA 0.40aA
丰锦 0(CK) 21.11aA 11.17aA 16.83aA 93.10aA 85.67aA 54.63aA 0.40aA
Fengjin 4 20.75aA 11.10aA 17.00aA 61.87bB 48.43bB 54.41aA 0.41aA
8 20.16aA 10.73aA 16.80aA 40.17cC 24.03cC 53.88aA 0.41aA
16 20.89aA 10.97aA 18.67aA 25.80dC 14.40cC 51.48aA 0.41aA

表2

不同浓度MeJA处理对4个粳稻稻米品质的影响

品种
Cultivar		 MeJA浓度
MeJA concentration
(mmol/L)		 糙米率
Brown rice
rate (%)		 精米率
Milled rice
rate (%)		 整精米率
Head milled
rice rate (%)		 垩白度
Chalkiness
degree		 垩白粒率
Chalky rice
rate (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein
content (%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose
content (%)		 食味值
Taste
score
北粳1号 0(CK) 78.55aA 69.97aA 65.60aA 1.67aA 6.77aA 6.90bB 18.87aA 89.33aA
Beijing 1 4 77.57aA 68.79aA 63.69aA 1.43aA 6.00aA 7.53aA 18.23aAB 87.00aAB
8 73.86abA 64.89abAB 58.45aAB 1.37aA 5.97aA 7.70aA 18.00abAB 87.00aAB
16 65.17bA 56.55bB 48.82bB 2.03aA 8.53aA 7.83aA 16.63bB 82.67bB
沈稻6号 0(CK) 78.55aA 69.52aA 61.72aA 0.57aA 2.03aA 6.60cB 19.10aA 89.00aA
Shendao 6 4 78.87aA 70.23aA 60.65aA 0.63aA 2.53aA 7.37bA 18.87aA 89.33aA
8 71.98aA 63.85abA 55.15aAB 0.90aA 3.77aA 7.57abA 18.23abAB 86.33abAB
16 69.16aA 59.17bA 46.37bB 1.37aA 4.83aA 7.73aA 16.83bB 83.67bB
辽粳9号 0(CK) 68.58abAB 61.06aAB 56.54aA 1.63aA 5.60aA 6.50dC 19.03aA 89.00aA
Liaojing 9 4 74.80aA 65.99aA 60.31aA 0.80aA 3.03aA 7.50cB 17.77aAB 86.00abAB
8 75.79aA 66.00aA 58.38aA 0.73aA 3.07aA 7.83bAB 16.33bB 83.00bB
16 59.02bB 50.81bB 37.34bB 1.43aA 5.20aA 8.23aA 12.43cC 74.33cC
丰锦 0(CK) 75.96aA 65.79aA 58.47aA 4.27abA 14.37aA 7.03bB 18.67aA 88.33aA
Fengjin 4 76.52aA 63.70aA 52.03abAB 3.70abA 12.40aA 7.60aA 17.47abAB 84.67bA
8 60.91bB 49.58bB 38.93cC 5.20aA 14.60aA 7.87aA 16.60bB 84.33bA
16 69.23abAB 58.58aAB 47.10bBC 3.33bA 10.80aA 7.83aA 16.67bB 83.33bA
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