Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 101-105.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.05.017

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Effects of Whole Film Single Ridge Micro-Furrow Cultivation on Growth and Yield of Rainfed Potato

Sun Mengyuan,Liu Jinghui,Yang Yanming   

  1. College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2016-08-13 Revised:2016-09-03 Online:2016-10-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Jinghui Liu

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation on the growth and yield of rainfed potato of Loess plateau, “Kexin 1” was selected as the material in this experiment with four kinds of cultivation systems of the whole film double ridge sowing (A1), the whole film single ridge sowing (A2), the whole film single ridge micro-furrow (A3) and traditional planting (CK). The results showed that the whole film ridge cultivation systems could improve soil moisture content in depth of 0-40 cm, and the whole film single ridge micro-furrow sowing displayed the best effect; Compared with traditional planting, the whole film ridge could significantly improve the potato plant height, stem diameter and leaf SPAD value. At the same time, it was found that the whole film ridge cultivation could increase potato yield, commercial tuber percentage, reduce the rate of green potatoes and rotten potatoes. The whole film single ridge micro-furrow sowing could increase yield by 5.53% of the whole film double ridge sowing, 14.23% of the whole film single ridge sowing, respectively. The yield of whole film single ridge micro-furrow sowing was significantly higher than that of other treatments, which could be used as water saving cultivation system in northwest Loess Plateau.

Key words: Rainfed potato, Whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation, Soil moisture content, Growth, Yield

Table 1

Experiment design in field"

处理Treatment 特征Characteristic
全膜双垄垄上播种(A1)
Whole film double ridge sowing		 双垄作全地面覆膜,大垄宽70cm、高20cm,小垄宽40cm、高15cm,用120cm宽的地膜全地面覆盖,地膜在小垄脊中合缝,用土封严,每幅播种2行
全膜单垄垄上播种(A2)
Whole film single ridge sowing		 单垄作全地面覆膜,垄宽70cm、高20cm,垄沟宽40cm。用120cm宽的地膜全地面覆盖,地膜在沟中间合缝,用土封严。播种时在垄上用打孔器破膜点播,每垄播种2行,株距35cm
全膜单垄垄上微沟播种(A3)
Whole film single ridge micro furrow		 全地面覆膜,垄宽70cm、高20cm,垄中开深5~8cm小沟,每垄播种2行,株距35cm
露地常耕平作(CK)
Traditional planting		 平作、不覆膜,常规对照种植。播种时等行距种植,株距35cm,行距45cm

Table 2

Effects of Whole Plastic-film Mulching ridging cultivation methods in different growth period of 0-40 cm soil moisture content"

生育时期
Growth period		 土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 处理Treatment
CK A1 A2 A3
苗期Seedling period 0~10 8.05±0.19Dd 10.67±0.24Bb 10.20±0.20Cc 11.37±0.27Aa
10~20 9.33±0.09Cc 9.90±0.07Bb 9.77±0.28Bb 11.09±0.05Aa
20~40 9.44±0.21Bb 9.51±0.15Bb 9.46±0.19Bb 10.19±0.12Aa
块茎形成期Tuber formation period 0~10 6.35±0.28Dd 11.47±0.30Bb 10.76±0.23Cc 11.79±0.13Aa
10~20 8.51±0.18Dd 11.21±0.21Bb 10.36±0.22Cc 11.52±0.23Aa
20~40 8.82±0.34Cc 9.88±0.26Bb 8.85±0.12Cc 10.10±0.06Aa
块茎膨大期Tuber expansion period 0~10 8.39±0.15Dd 11.70±0.17Bb 11.03±0.22Cc 12.65±0.22Aa
10~20 9.42±0.10Dd 11.50±0.08Bb 10.91±0.31Cc 12.33±0.16Aa
20~40 10.10±0.08Bc 10.34±0.16Bb 10.25±0.13Bbc 10.86±0.12Aa
淀粉积累期Starch accumulation period 0~10 7.76±0.43Dd 11.26±0.10Bb 10.80±0.13Cc 12.20±0.14Aa
10~20 9.04±0.19Dd 11.11±0.17Bb 10.11±0.50Cc 12.09±0.63Aa
20~40 9.52±0.24Cc 9.98±0.35Bb 9.53±0.21Cc 10.39±0.29Aa
收获期Harvest period 0~10 5.27±0.26Cc 8.01±0.32Bb 7.83±0.15Bb 9.43±0.16Aa
10~20 6.54±0.17Cc 7.89±0.21Bb 7.73±0.22Bb 8.96±0.34Aa
20~40 7.19±0.15Bc 7.32±0.11Bb 7.23±0.22Bbc 7.61±0.11Aa

Fig.1

Effects of whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation methods on potato plant height change"

Fig.2

Effects of whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation methods on potato crown width and stem diameter"

Fig.3

Effects of whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation methods on potato leaf SPAD value"

Table 3

Effects of whole plastic-film mulching ridging cultivation methods on potato yield"

处理
Treatment		 商品薯率(%)
Marketable tuber rate		 绿薯率(%)
Green tuber rate		 烂薯率(%)
Blet tuber rate		 小区平均产量(kg/30.8m2)
Pot average yield		 薯块产量(kg/hm2)
Tuber yield		 增产率(%)
Yield growth rate
CK 45.16Bb 4.21Aa 6.32Aa 804.53Bc 26 121Dd –
A1 68.37Aa 2.40Bc 5.14Bbc 1 340.12Aab 43 507Bb 66.56
A2 66.63Aa 3.87Ab 5.32Bb 1 237.97Ab 40 194Cc 53.88
A3 70.34Aa 1.82Cd 4.93Bc 1 414.12Aa 45 913Aa 75.77
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