Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 155-161.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.024

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Effects of Low Temperature on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Chen Fang,Liu Yupeng,Gu Xiaoping,Hu Jiamin,Yu Fei,Zhang Bo   

  1. Mountain Environment and Climate Research Institute of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Climate and Resources, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2018-02-12 Revised:2018-04-27 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20

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Abstract:

Fuding white tea was used as a test material to investigate the effects of different low temperature conditions on the photosynthetic, characteristics and yield of tea tree, and provide a theoretical basis for the production, distribution and management of tea tree. The effects of low temperature on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr), under -2℃, -1℃, 0℃, 1℃, 3℃, 5℃ low temperature. The results showed: (1) With the decreasing of temperature, the apparent quantum efficiency (Q), maximum photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and dark respiration rate (Rd) of tea plants showed different degrees of response, and showed a downward trend. (2) Pn, Ci, water use efficiency (WUE)of tea leaves decreased, and Gs fluctuated. (3) When the photosynthetically active radiation was 0mol/(m 2?s), Pn of each treatment was negative, and with the increasing of photosynthetically active radiation, the Pn increased gradually, and then no longer increased after a certain degree. (4) The Pn of tea leaves was positively correlated with Gs and Tr, and negatively correlated with Ci, which reached an extremly significant level (P<0.01). The Q, Pnmax, Rd, LCP, LSP and other parameters of leaves of tea leaves were significantly different under different low temperature treatments. (5) As the degree of low temperature increased, 100-bud weight of tea plants decreased in different degrees. After the temperature dropped to -1℃, the yield of tea was continuously 3days, and the yield of tea production decreased by 19.02%. In the process of low temperature stress, indicators related to photosynthetic characteristics have changed significantly. Tea quality and yield were effected under -2℃ low temperature condition. So it should be paid attention to the prevention of freezing injury by cultivation and management measures.

Key words: Low temperature, Tea tree, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

Table 1

Temperature variation and duration of 6 low temperature gradients"

试验编号
Test
number		 组合代号
Combination
code		 温度与时间组合
Combination of temperature and duration
最低温度(℃)
Minimum
temperature		 最高温度(℃)
Maximum
temperature		 持续时间(d)
Duration
1-1 -2-3-1d -2 3 1
1-2 -2-3-2d -2 3 2
1-3 -2-3-3d -2 3 3
2-1 -1-4-1d -1 4 1
2-2 -1-4-2d -1 4 2
2-3 -1-4-3d -1 4 3
3-1 0-5-1d 0 5 1
3-2 0-5-2d 0 5 2
3-3 0-5-3d 0 5 3
4-1 1-6-3d 1 6 3
4-2 1-6-5d 1 6 5
4-3 1-6-7d 1 6 7
5-1 3-8-3d 3 8 3
5-2 3-8-5d 3 8 5
5-3 3-8-7d 3 8 7
6-1 5-10-3d 5 10 3
6-2 5-10-5d 5 10 5
6-3 5-10-7d 5 10 7

Table 2

Effects of different low temperature treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of tea leaves"

处理Treatment Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] Tr [mmolH2O/(m2·s)] Gs [molH2O/(m2·s)] Ci [μmol CO2/mol] WUE [μmol/mmol]
-2-3-1d 1.82±0.66cd 0.78±0.22a 0.16±0.011cd 311.18±2.11e 0.43±0.49e
-2-3-2d 1.65±0.60d 0.69±0.20ab 0.14±0.002d 311.71±7.29e 2.61±0.60cd
-2-3-3d 1.53±0.52de 0.26±0.03cd 0.11±0.003d 311.45±9.42e 3.15±0.88c
-1-4-1d 1.70±0.69cd 0.42±0.14bc 0.27±0.005bc 498.45±5.00a 1.12±0.94cd
-1-4-2d 2.49±0.82c 0.33±0.05c 0.08±0.008de 444.86±1.90ab 2.92±0.70c
-1-4-3d 2.17±0.84c 0.32±0.14c 0.05±0.004de 369.74±1.20cd 0.83±0.35de
0-5-1d 3.88±1.64b 0.89±0.05a 0.28±0.017bc 424.08±3.84ab 5.47±0.27bc
0-5-2d 3.48±1.72b 0.21±0.08cd 0.17±0.014c 344.94±5.12de 9.77±0.75a
0-5-3d 2.72±1.02bc 0.56±0.08b 0.35±0.007b 391.29±4.31cd 6.36±0.16bc
1-6-3d 3.53±1.15b 0.46±0.15bc 0.37±0.022b 353.66±5.04de 7.17±0.69b
1-6-5d 3.54±1.48b 0.66±0.15ab 0.75±0.036a 412.24±9.50b 6.91±0.45b
1-6-7d 4.82±1.86ab 0.52±0.19b 0.32±0.013b 312.24±5.20e 9.28±0.51a
3-8-3d 4.79±1.71ab 0.47±0.21b 0.16±0.010cd 317.71±4.33e 4.90±0.47c
3-8-5d 3.35±0.12b 0.15±0.11d 0.04±0.001de 378.39±1.65cd 0.82±0.33de
3-8-7d 3.53±1.31b 0.35±0.04bc 0.12±0.002d 492.58±1.63a 2.88±0.81c
5-10-3d 5.71±2.20a 0.28±0.07cd 0.03±0.001e 405.15±3.86b 8.34±0.91b
5-10-5d 3.82±0.89b 0.14±0.03de 0.05±0.006de 448.87±1.09ab 5.14±0.09bc
5-10-7d 4.29±0.15ab 0.11±0.03de 0.05±0.001de 427.01±2.60ab 4.55±0.81c
CK 3.36±1.08bc 0.75±0.19ab 0.03±0.020b 395.24±2.61cd 4.30±0.69c

Fig.1

Light response curves of tea leaves under different low temperature gradients"

Table 3

Effects of different low temperature treatments on photosynthetic parameters of tea leaves"

处理Treatment Q [μmol CO2/(m2·s)] Pnmax [μmol/(m2·s)] Rd [μmolCO2/(m2·s)] LCP [μmol/(m2·s)] LSP [μmol/(m2·s)]
-2-3-1d 0.025±0.78de 13.90±0.81d 0.34±0.14e 13.60±0.75d 569.60±3.46a
-2-3-2d 0.029±0.29de 14.74±0.91cd 0.31±0.33e 10.69±0.32e 518.97±2.15ab
-2-3-3d 0.037±0.13cd 12.71±0.79e 0.51±0.15d 13.78±0.68d 357.30±1.89cd
-1-4-1d 0.031±0.42d 13.73±0.12d 0.35±0.34e 11.29±0.26e 454.19±2.21bc
-1-4-2d 0.047±0.06bc 21.63±0.94ab 0.56±0.30cd 11.91±0.35e 472.13±3.20b
-1-4-3d 0.032±0.01d 14.41±0.98cd 0.63±0.16c 19.69±0.78bc 470.00±2.48b
0-5-1d 0.022±0.02e 13.43±0.32de 0.76±0.90b 34.55±0.91a 645.00±6.31a
0-5-2d 0.046±0.01bc 10.47±0.34e 0.72±0.50bc 15.65±0.21cd 243.26±1.02e
0-5-3d 0.048±0.74bc 13.75±0.61d 0.68±0.68bc 14.17±0.65d 300.63±1.56de
1-6-3d 0.036±0.81cd 14.39±0.89cd 0.59±0.14cd 16.39±0.52c 416.11±2.41bc
1-6-5d 0.042±0.75c 19.70±0.39b 0.56±0.78cd 13.33±0.34d 482.38±2.98b
1-6-7d 0.047±0.03bc 15.16±0.96c 0.73±0.37b 15.53±0.25cd 338.09±1.95d
3-8-3d 0.053±0.01b 14.10±0.52cd 0.84±0.13ab 15.85±0.48cd 281.89±1.35e
3-8-5d 0.046±0.01bc 13.56±0.87de 0.92±0.04a 20.00±0.31b 314.78±2.64de
3-8-7d 0.044±0.01c 19.99±0.61b 0.95±0.04a 21.59±0.29b 475.91±3.51b
5-10-3d 0.046±0.25bc 13.87±0.42d 0.73±0.03b 15.87±0.51cd 317.39±2.47d
5-10-5d 0.051±0.01b 19.88±0.22b 0.88±0.05ab 17.25±0.37c 407.06±3.06c
5-10-7d 0.071±0.02a 23.37±0.42a 0.92±0.38a 12.96±0.13de 342.11±2.59cd
CK 0.075±0.84a 24.77±0.82a 0.96±0.11a 12.80±0.22de 343.07±3.12cd

Table 4

Correlation between Pn and other photosynthetic parameters in tea leaves under different low temperature treatments"

处理Treatment Gs Ci Tr
-2-3-1d 0.950** -0.937** 0.949**
-2-3-2d 0.433 -0.792** 0.771**
-2-3-3d 0.692* -0.935** 0.795**
-1-4-1d 0.459 -0.381 0.852**
-1-4-2d 0.950** -0.846** 0.975**
-1-4-3d 0.805** -0.697* 0.863**
0-5-1d 0.979** -0.692* 0.120
0-5-2d 0.871** -0.674* 0.876**
0-5-3d 0.599 -0.781** 0.607
1-6-3d 0.339 -0.855** 0.794**
1-6-5d 0.926** -0.779** 0.426
1-6-7d 0.594 -0.810** 0.689*
3-8-3d 0.861** -0.776** 0.952**
3-8-5d 0.850** -0.945** 0.883**
3-8-7d 0.778** -0.464 0.894**
5-10-3d 0.716* -0.599 0.943**
5-10-5d 0.992** -0.830** 0.936**
5-10-7d 0.531 -0.448 0.537
CK 0.921** -0.812** 0.924**

Table 5

Effect of low temperature on tea yield"

处理Treatment 芽数Bud number 总重Total weight (g) 百芽重100-bud weight (g) 减产率Yield reduction (%)
-2-3-1d 31 3.11±0.04c 10.01±0.005e 11.56
-2-3-CK 25 2.83±0.04d 11.32±0.003d -
-1-4-1d 27 3.08±0.04cd 11.39±0.002de 6.57
-1-4-2d 26 2.81±0.03d 10.78±0.003e 11.57
-1-4-3d 32 3.16±0.04c 9.88±0.002e 19.02
-1-4-CK 30 3.66±0.04bc 12.19±0.003d -
0-5-1d 14 1.71±0.04e 12.17±0.004de 3.14
0-5-2d 15 1.66±0.04e 11.05±0.003de 12.08
0-5-3d 17 1.79±0.04e 10.51±0.002e 16.39
0-5-CK 10 1.26±0.04e 12.57±0.006d -
1-6-3d 8 1.61±0.04e 20.05±0.001ab 5.88
1-6-5d 15 2.96±0.04d 19.71±0.003b 7.47
1-6-7d 13 2.49±0.04de 19.21±0.003bc 9.86
1-6-CK 12 2.56±0.04de 21.31±0.007a -
3-8-3d 25 5.11±0.04a 19.42±0.005ab 1.68
3-8-5d 27 5.26±0.03a 19.47±0.003bc 1.66
3-8-7d 21 3.98±0.04b 18.98±0.002c 4.13
3-8-CK 18 3.56±0.05bc 19.80±0.006b -
5-10-3d 19 3.91±0.04b 20.54±0.004a 0.95
5-10-5d 25 5.16±0.04a 20.63±0.006a 0.56
5-10-7d 17 3.47±0.16bc 20.39±0.003ab 1.72
5-10-CK 22 4.56±0.04ab 20.75±0.003a -
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