Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 62-68.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.009

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Analysis of Carotenoid Content in Maize Inbred Lines with Different Color Grains

Zhu Hang1,2(), Cui Fangqing2,3, Lu Chuanli2, Chen Weiwei2, Li Xuhui2, Lu Siqi2,3, Zhang Xiangbo2, Zhao Hua4(), Qi Yongwen2,3()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, Guangdong, China
    3College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510100, Guangdong, China
    4Guangzhou National Modern Agricultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2022-04-16 Revised:2022-06-15 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

The contents of four carotenoids including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene in grains of 60 maize inbred lines were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the average contents of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were 56.32, 0.85, 1.31 and 5.75mg/kg, respectively. The 60 maize inbred lines could be classified into four grades according to the grain color from light to dark. The darker the grain color, the higher the carotene content. The correlation analysis of carotenoid contents in 60 maize inbred lines showed that there were extremely significant positive correlations between R, G, B and Gray values (P < 0.01), and the correlation coefficients were 0.992 (between G and Gray) and 0.939 (between R and Gray), respectively. There were extremely significant positive correlations among the contents of four carotenoids, and the correlation coefficients were 0.830 (between β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene), 0.815 (between β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) respectively. Cluster analysis was performed according to carotenoid content and the 60 maize inbred lines were divided into five categories. Among them, the first category had the lowest carotenoid content, the second category riched in carotenoids, and the fifth category riched in vitamin A. It was concluded that the types and contents of carotenoids were important factors affecting the color of maize grains, and the conclusion provided a basis for selecting maize with high nutritional value and rich in cryptoxanthin.

Key words: Maize, Carotenoid, High performance liquid chromatography

Table 1

60 tested materials"

编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name		 编号
Number		 材料名称
Material name
C1 CAU404 C13 CAU204 C25 CAU532 C37 IL18 C49 CAU206
C2 CAU322 C14 CAU366 C26 B73 C38 CAU319 C50 CAU393
C3 CAU440 C15 CAU55 C27 CAU489 C39 CAU75 C51 CAU149
C4 IL23 C16 CAU281 C28 CAU482 C40 CAU146 C52 CAU129
C5 CAU252 C17 CAU219 C29 IL5 C41 CAU164 C53 CAU479
C6 CAU268 C18 CAU140 C30 CAU167 C42 CAU274 C54 CAU261
C7 IL52 C19 CAU597 C31 CAU208 C43 CAU269 C55 IL51
C8 CAU501 C20 CAU338 C32 CAU14 C44 CAU565 C56 IL27
C9 CAU263 C21 CAU513 C33 CAU342 C45 IL86 C57 IL65
C10 CAU159 C22 CAU640 C34 CAU93 C46 CAU502 C58 CAU18
C11 CAU297 C23 CAU525 C35 CAU365 C47 CAU539 C59 CAU160
C12 CAU144 C24 CAU504 C36 CAU416 C48 CAU154 C60 CAU225

Fig.1

The color grades of maize kernels"

Table 2

Concentration of mixed standard solution mg/kg"

标准样品
Standard sample		 水平1
Level 1		 水平2
Level 2		 水平3
Level 3		 水平4
Level 4		 水平5
Level 5		 水平6
Level 6
叶黄素Lutein 200.00 100.00 50.00 25.00 12.50 6.25
玉米黄质Zeaxanthin 200.00 50.00 12.50 3.13 0.78 0.20
β-隐黄质 β-cryptoxanthin 100.00 20.00 4.00 0.80 0.16 0.03
β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene 72.50 36.25 18.13 9.06 4.53 2.27

Table 3

Linear range and correlation coefficients of the four carotenoid groups"

标准样品Standard sample 线性范围Linear range (mg/kg) 线性方程Linear equation 相关系数Correlation coefficent (r2)
叶黄素Lutein 6.0~200 Y1=0.015X1 0.9905
玉米黄质Zeaxanthin 0.0~200 Y2=0.3023X2+0.1171 0.9958
β-隐黄质 β-cryptoxanthin 0.0~100 Y3=0.1119X3-0.1048 0.9976
β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene 2.0~75 Y4=0.0023X4+0.0022 0.9988

Table 4

Statistical analysis of carotenoid content of maize inbred lines mg/kg"

标准样品
Standard sample		 最大值
Maximum		 最小值
Minimum		 平均值
Average		 方差
Variance
叶黄素Lutein 99.98 0.56 56.32 776.29
玉米黄质Zeaxanthin 2.91 0.02 0.85 0.54
β-隐黄质 β-cryptoxanthin 2.20 0.94 1.31 0.11
β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene 26.61 0.61 5.75 35.57

Fig.2

Carotenoid content of four groups in different seed color grades"

Table 5

Analysis of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene contents in different color grades mg/kg"

等级Level 叶黄素Lutein 玉米黄质Zeaxanthin β-隐黄质β-cryptoxanthin β-胡萝卜素β-carotene
1 1.69±0.76a nd 0.94±0.00a nd
2 50.53±5.44b 0.37±0.08a 1.10±0.03a 2.12±0.40a
3 71.05±3.62b 1.31±0.12b 1.51±0.06b 8.71±1.24b
4 54.76±9.02b 1.35±0.32b 1.56±0.11b 10.89±0.77b
平均值Average 56.32 0.85 1.31 5.75
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 49.46 87.06 25.19 103.65
F值F-value 12.291 17.662 17.238 12.767
标准差Standard deviation 27.86 0.74 0.33 5.96

Table 6

Correlation analysis between R, G, B, and Gray values and carotenoid content"

项目
Item		 R G B Gray 叶黄素
Lutein		 玉米黄质
Zeaxanthin		 β-隐黄质
β-cryptoxanthin		 β-胡萝卜素
β-carotene
R 1.000
G 0.912** 1.000
B 0.408** 0.596** 1.000
Gray 0.939** 0.992** 0.632** 1.000
叶黄素Lutein -0.256** -0.385** -0.619** -0.402** 1.000
玉米黄质Zeaxanthin -0.370** -0.520** -0.416** -0.498** 0.505** 1.000
β-隐黄质 β-cryptoxanthin -0.506** -0.598** -0.421** -0.589** 0.452** 0.815** 1.000
β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene -0.455** -0.532** -0.331** -0.520** 0.343** 0.582** 0.830** 1.000

Table 7

Analysis between carotenoid contents among different groups"

类群Group 叶黄素Lutein 玉米黄质Zeaxanthin β-隐黄质 β-cryptoxanthin β-胡萝卜素 β-carotene
1 3.94±1.30 nd 0.94±0.00 nd
2 63.68±2.94 0.83±0.08 1.28±0.03 4.76±0.46
3 24.50±0.00 0.68±0.00 1.32±0.00 15.04±0.00
4 75.44±6.06 1.62±0.22 1.76±0.16 12.41±5.30
5 85.93±4.76 2.82±0.04 2.02±0.06 14.96±3.22
平均值Average 56.76 0.86 1.30 5.19
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 49.52 86.05 23.08 94.03
F值F-value 22.87 19.28 20.05 16.29
标准差Standard deviation 28.11 0.74 0.30 4.88
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