Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 117-123.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.05.017

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Effects of Controlled-Release and Ordinary Urea on Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Economic Benefit

Wang Yifan1(), Ren Ning2, Dong Xiangyang3, Zhao Yanan1, Ye Youliang1, Wang Yang1, Huang Yufang1()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University/Engineering and Technology Research Center of Agricultural Green Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Jun County, Hebi 456250, Henan, China
    3Henan Heart to Heart Chemical Industry Group, Xinxiang 453799, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-03-25 Revised:2022-06-20 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-10-16

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Abstract:

In order to explore the efficient utilization of controlled-release urea (CRU) and ordinary urea (U) proportioned base application, and study the effects of different proportioned base application on wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen accumulation and economic benefits, an experiment was conducted in Yuzhou, Henan province from 2018 to 2020, with seven treatments, including no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), urea (U), CRU 1 (CRU:U=1:9), CRU 2 (CRU:U=2:8), CRU 3 (CRU:U=3:7), CRU 4 (CRU:U=4:6), CRU 5 (CRU:U=5:5). The results showed that compared with U treatment, the yield of wheat under controlled release urea and common urea proportion-based application increased by 4.02%-9.58%, and increased by 31.69%-49.45% under different fertilization treatments compared with CK treatment, among which CRU5 treatment had the highest yield. Compared with CK treatment, controlled release urea input increased wheat nitrogen accumulation by 10.53%-34.21%. Compared with U treatment, controlled release urea input increased nitrogen accumulation by 1.69%-21.43%. Compared with CK treatment, the output value of wheat increased by 32.00%-49.02%, and the benefit increased by 37.97%-67.86%. Compared with U treatment, the output value of wheat increased by 4.24%-9.70%, and the benefit increased by 5.50%-13.25% under different combination treatments. Two year data showed that wheat benefit of CRU5 treatment was the highest. The comprehensive results showed that the application of controlled-release urea and urea ratio could match the nutrient demand of crops, and the effect was the best when CRU:U=5:5, which could improve nitrogen use efficiency, crop yield, and economic benefits.

Key words: Controlled-release urea, Urea, Wheat, Nitrogen use efficiency, Economic benefit

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of soil"

年份Year 全氮Total N (g/kg) 速效磷Available P (mg/kg) 速效钾Available K (mg/kg) 有机质Organic matter (g/kg) pH
2018-2019 0.93 19.14 89.23 21.36 7.5
2019-2020 0.91 18.77 88.14 20.04 7.4

Table 2

Variation of monthly rainfall and monthly average temperature in Yuzhou"

年-月
Year-month		 月降雨量
Monthly rainfall (mm)		 月平均气温
Monthly average temperature (℃)
2018-10 68.8 16.7
2018-11 1.9 10.8
2018-12 7.7 4.5
2019-01 42.4 2.4
2019-02 35.4 6.1
2019-03 16.1 12.0
2019-04 14.1 15.8
2019-05 22.1 24.1
2019-10 2.0 17.1
2019-11 21.4 9.8
2019-12 19.8 2.6
2020-01 16.6 1.2
2020-02 9.0 2.5
2020-03 3.1 12.1
2020-04 31.3 16.0
2020-05 2.4 22.7

Fig.1

Field release characteristics of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea"

Table 3

Effects of basal application ratio of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea on wheat yield and its components"

年份Year 处理Treatment 产量Yield (kg/hm2) 穗数Spike number (×104/hm2) 穗粒数Grain number per ear 千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
2018-2019 CK 5450.1c 452.9b 31.7c 46.6a
U 7177.4b 604.2a 41.3ab 43.9b
CRU1 7465.9ab 577.7ab 38.9b 45.2ab
CRU2 7548.3ab 593.4a 40.4ab 44.7ab
CRU3 7588.4ab 617.0a 40.1ab 44.9ab
CRU4 7652.9a 668.0a 42.2ab 44.5ab
CRU5 7865.1a 654.3a 44.0a 45.0ab
2019-2020 CK 4430.1d 396.8a 33.4a 35.0b
U 6061.6c 446.7a 28.9ab 41.4a
CRU1 6313.5b 526.7a 28.3ab 42.5a
CRU2 6341.0b 482.6a 28.7ab 43.5a
CRU3 6461.8ab 502.6a 27.4ab 41.6a
CRU4 6519.7ab 405.9a 26.5b 42.2a
CRU5 6620.5a 414.2a 28.7ab 42.7a

Fig.2

Effects of different combined application of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea on nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants"

Table 4

Effects of combined application of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea on nitrogen use efficiency of wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮素偏生产力
Partial productivity (kg/kg)		 氮素籽粒生产效率
Nitrogen grain production efficiency (kg/kg)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 氮素利用效率
Nitrogen use efficiency (kg/kg)
2018-2019 CK － 23.62 0.31 －
U 29.91 27.45 0.40 12.72
CRU1 31.11 28.02 0.39 14.74
CRU2 31.45 27.47 0.37 18.28
CRU3 31.62 26.57 0.36 22.92
CRU4 31.89 25.75 0.35 27.67
CRU5 32.77 25.37 0.37 32.97
2019-2020 CK － 22.37 0.31 －
U 25.26 27.47 0.39 9.27
CRU1 26.31 27.95 0.38 11.44
CRU2 26.42 26.78 0.36 15.97
CRU3 26.92 26.00 0.36 21.01
CRU4 27.17 25.68 0.35 23.08
CRU5 27.59 24.82 0.36 28.48

Table 5

"

年份Year 处理Treatment 产值Output value 肥料成本Fertilizer cost 其他生产成本Other production cost 经济收益Economic benefit
2018-2019 CK 12 500 900 3700 7900b
U 16 500 1900 3700 10 900a
CRU1 17 200 1900 3700 11 500a
CRU2 17 400 2000 3700 11 700a
CRU3 17 500 2000 3700 11 700a
CRU4 17 600 2100 3700 11 800a
CRU5 18 100 2100 3700 12 300a
2019-2020 CK 10 200 900 3700 5600d
U 13 900 1900 3700 8300c
CRU1 14 500 1900 3700 8900ab
CRU2 14 600 2000 3700 8900ab
CRU3 14 900 2000 3700 9100ab
CRU4 15 000 2100 3700 9200ab
CRU5 15 200 2100 3700 9400a

Fig.3

Effects of basal application ratio of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea on soil inorganic nitrogen content at wheat harvest stage"

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