Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 170-178.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.021

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Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Water Dynamics and Yield of Potato under Mulched Drip Irrigation

Ma Peng1(), Wei Ximing2, Ding Fangju2, Zhang Kaikai1, Wang Qiaoli2, Xing Guyue2, Chang Lei1, Huang Caixia1()   

  1. 1College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Lanzhou Irrigation Experiment Station, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-07-19 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

In order to explore a suitable planting mode for water-saving, fertilizer-reducing, quality-improving and yield-increasing of potatoes in the semi-arid area of central Gansu, a field experiment on the regulation of water and nitrogen in potato under mulched drip irrigation was conducted in Gaolan county, Gansu Province, from April to September 2023. Three water deficit gradients were set up: high water [W1, accounting for 65%-75% of field water capacity (FC)], medium water (W2, 55%-65% FC) and low water (W3, 45%-55% FC). Three nitrogen application gradients: high nitrogen (N1, 240 kg/ha), medium nitrogen (N2, 180 kg/ha) and low nitrogen (N3, 120 kg/ha), with high water without fertilization as control (CK), a total of ten treatments. The results showed that the average soil water content of the 0-120 cm soil layer in the potato field treated with W1N2 was the highest. The water consumption, daily water consumption intensity and water-consumption modulus coefficient of potato reached the highest value in the tuber bulking period. Among the treatments, the total water consumption, stage water consumption and daily water consumption intensity of W1N1 reached the highest, followed by W1N2 treatment. Compared with CK treatment, W1N1 significantly was increased by 9.25%, 9.91% and 9.87%, respectively. Under different water and nitrogen regulation, the yield, marketable potato rate and water use efficiency of W1N2 treatment reached the highest, which were significantly increased by 42.17%, 23.88% and 31.24%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. It is evident that high-water combined with medium-fertilizer (W1N2) has a significant effect on with water-saving, soil moisture conservation, quality improvement, and potato yield increase in potato cultivation under varied water and nitrogen management. It is a relatively suitable planting pattern in this region.

Key words: Potato, Drip irrigation under film, Water and nitrogen regulation, Moisture, Yield

Fig.1

Changes of precipitation and daily average air temperature during potato growth period in Gaolan County in 2023"

Table 1

Experimental design scheme of two-factor randomied block"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 块茎形成期
Tuber formation stage		 块茎膨大期
Tuber bulking stage		 淀粉积累期
Starch accumulation stage		 施氮量
Nitrogen application rate (kg/hm2)
W1N1 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 240
W1N2 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 180
W1N3 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 120
W2N1 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 240
W2N2 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 180
W2N3 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 55%~65% 120
W3N1 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 240
W3N2 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 180
W3N3 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 45%~55% 120
CK 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 65%~75% 0

Fig.2

Soil moisture content of 0-120 cm soil layers at different growth stages"

Fig.3

Total water consumption of potato during the whole growth period Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05), the same below."

Fig.4

Changes of potato water consumption at different growth stages"

Table 2

Daily water consumption intensity and water consumption modulus coefficient of potato at different growth stages"

处理
Treatment		 苗期
Seedling stage		 块茎形成期
Tuber formation stage		 块茎膨大期
Tuber bulking stage		 淀粉积累期
Starch accumulation stage
CD (mm/d) CP (%) CD (mm/d) CP (%) CD (mm/d) CP (%) CD (mm/d) CP (%)
W1N1 2.32±0.01a 19.58±0.01ab 3.39±0.02a 24.65±0.27c 4.73±0.08a 29.96±0.36c 3.24±0.01a 25.83±0.09d
W1N2 2.33±0.01a 19.84±0.03a 3.39±0.02a 24.84±0.11c 4.62±0.06ab 29.46±0.29c 3.22±0.05ab 25.86±0.43d
W1N3 2.34±0.01a 20.09±0.01a 3.41±0.04a 25.24±0.19bc 4.46±0.02bc 28.75±0.04cde 3.20±0.01ab 25.94±0.14d
W2N1 2.03±0.01b 19.49±0.12ab 3.06±0.03c 25.32±0.05bc 4.04±0.09d 29.12±0.34cd 2.87±0.01cd 26.08±0.17d
W2N2 2.02±0.04b 20.21±0.21a 2.94±0.04d 25.31±0.01bc 3.73±0.05e 27.96±0.59de 2.81±0.06d 26.53±0.30cd
W2N3 1.78±0.01c 17.38±0.02c 3.13±0.03c 26.25±0.04a 3.79±0.02e 27.70±0.13e 3.12±0.04b 28.67±0.11a
W3N1 1.25±0.02d 16.92±0.28c 2.01±0.01f 23.39±0.05d 3.19±0.06f 32.31±0.56b 2.15±0.03e 27.39±0.23bc
W3N2 1.14±0.04e 15.18±0.60d 2.27±0.08e 26.03±0.67ab 3.12±0.08f 31.21±0.52b 2.19±0.03e 27.59±0.58abc
W3N3 1.14±0.03e 16.70±0.49c 1.64±0.01g 20.10±0.06e 3.13±0.02f 34.40±0.04a 2.04±0.05f 28.21±0.05ab
CK 2.03±0.03b 18.69±0.27b 3.27±0.03b 25.91±0.18ab 4.31±0.04c 29.78±0.28c 2.95±0.05c 25.63±0.37d
F值
W 2079.017** 127.503** 1462.687** 62.397** 496.053** 110.553** 863.403** 24.560**
N 20.179** 3.386* 13.517* 21.943** 10.097* 5.058* 1.410ns 10.674*
W×N 13.936* 17.256** 41.071** 47.598** 2.211ns 10.201* 14.336* 4.318*

Table 3

Potato yield and water use efficiency"

处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg/hm2)		 大薯率
Large potato rate (%)		 中薯率
Medium potato rate (%)		 商品薯率
Commercial potato rate (%)		 WUE
[kg/(hm2·mm)]
W1N1 48 567.04±573.40b 58.58±0.76ab 21.36±1.66f 79.94±0.41ab 11.39±0.08b
W1N2 53 826.35±246.55a 60.50±0.81a 21.91±0.24ef 82.42±1.05a 12.73±0.03a
W1N3 43 736.06±258.14c 55.87±2.41b 24.43±1.78de 80.30±0.64ab 10.45±0.10cd
W2N1 44 489.06±370.83c 54.56±0.55b 27.69±1.01bc 82.24±0.46a 11.90±0.02b
W2N2 39 854.13±720.08d 45.44±0.17c 31.25±0.82a 76.70±0.65b 11.06±0.31bc
W2N3 38 221.64±1630.09d 39.95±1.11d 31.13±0.19a 71.08±1.30c 10.36±0.52cd
W3N1 23 840.58±170.16ef 24.25±1.50f 27.76±0.79bc 52.02±0.72e 8.96±0.06ef
W3N2 24 703.83±438.54e 35.07±0.65e 30.46±1.01ab 65.53±1.66d 9.15±0.09ef
W3N3 21 566.64±639.50f 21.18±1.65f 26.38±0.37cd 47.55±2.02f 8.79±0.29f
CK 37 861.46±1724.84d 37.39±1.71de 29.15±0.52abc 66.53±2.22d 9.70±0.46de
F值
W 1032.527** 489.378** 50.710** 458.713** 107.469**
N 45.669** 35.970** 4.706* 44.358** 19.747*
W×N 16.714** 18.424** 3.837* 25.742** 8.459*

Fig.5

Correlation between water consumption and yield factors in potato growth stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ refer to seedling stage, tuber formation stage, tuber bulking stage, starch accumulation stage, respectively; TY: the output; LR: the percentage of large potato; MR: medium potato percentage; SR: the percentage of small potato; CR: commercial potato rate.“*”and“**”indicated significant correlation between P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively."

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