Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 149-154.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.021

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Effects of Different Controlled-Release Urea on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cold Region Rice

Ji Jinghong(), Liu Shuangquan, Ma Xingzhu, Hao Xiaoyu, Zheng Yu, Zhao Yue, Wang Xiaojun, Kuang Enjun   

  1. Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization / Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization / Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas / The Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition / Research Center of Fertilizer Engineering and Technology of Heilongjian Province, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2023-12-25 Revised:2024-02-04 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

In a two-year field experiments, the effects of different controlled-release urea (CRU) and urea application methods on agronomic characteristics, yield, and nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice in the cold region of Heilongjiang were studied. The results showed that under the condition of a single basal application of nitrogen fertilizer, compared with urea (BU), CRU60 (controlled-release period of 60 days) and CRU90 (controlled-release period of 90 days), there was no significant difference in the number of effective tillers and panicles. The 1000-grain weight significantly increased. Especially, the number of grains per panicle was significantly increased, resulting in an average yield increase of 6.4%, and 7.5 percentage points increase in nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency in the CRU90 treatment. The rice grain number, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency did not show significant differences under the CRU60 treatment. Compared with the treatment of applying urea once as basal fertilizer and twice as topdressing (CF), the 1000-grain weight was significantly increased under CRU60 and CRU90 treatments. The CRU60 treatment significantly reduced the number of filled-grains per panicle, with an average yield decrease of 10.6%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency decreased by 7.4 percentage points. There was no significant difference between CRU90 and CF treatments in the number of effective tillers, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency. In the rice production in the first and second accumulated temperature zones of Heilongjiang, controlled-release urea was more beneficial to rice yield and fertilizer utilization than common urea under the same treatment conditions. Under the condition of no lateral deep fertilization, the urea with longer controlled release period (90 days) should be selected preferentially.

Key words: Rice, Controlled-released urea, Agronomic traits, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Basic chemical property in the topsoil"

地点
Site		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g/kg)		 全氮
Total N (g/kg)		 速效氮
Available N (mg/kg)		 速效磷
Available P (mg/kg)		 速效钾
Available K (mg/kg)
方正县Fangzheng 5.57 34.6 1.7 161.2 43.5 173.2
阿城区Acheng 5.82 29.3 1.5 115.6 19.6 145.8

Fig.1

The cumulative nitrogen release rate of controlled release urea with 60 days controlled period in 25 ℃"

Fig.2

The cumulative nitrogen release rate of controlled release urea with 90 days controlled period in 25 ℃"

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on rice agronomic traits"

地点
Site		 年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height (cm)		 穗长
Panicle length
(cm)		 有效分蘖数（/穴）
Number of effective
tillers (/hole)		 有效穗数
Effective
panicles (m2)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 穗实粒数
Filled grain
per panicle		 穗粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
方正Fangzheng 2019 N0 90.2b 16.8b 13.8c 289.6c 26.3a 83.1c 86.9c 95.6a
CF 102.2a 21.6a 16.0a 335.6a 24.5c 138.3a 144.1a 96.0a
BU 106.3a 21.2a 15.2ab 318.7ab 24.9c 131.2ab 138.4ab 94.8a
CRU60 100.5a 20.7a 15.0b 310.5b 25.5b 128.3b 132.5b 96.8a
CRU90 103.1a 20.8a 15.1ab 316.7ab 25.6b 134.4a 139.4a 96.4a
2020 N0 92.3b 15.8b 15.8c 331.8c 25.2a 72.1c 75.5c 95.5a
CF 106.3a 18.5a 18.6a 391.5a 23.5c 115.5a 120.7a 95.7a
BU 107.6a 18.6a 17.4b 366.4b 24.1c 107.3ab 113.9ab 94.2a
CRU60 104.2a 17.7a 17.2b 361.2b 24.7ab 106.3b 111.5b 95.3a
CRU90 104.7a 17.8a 17.7ab 371.9ab 24.5b 113.2a 117.4a 96.4a
阿城Acheng 2019 N0 88.8b 16.4b 13.5b 282.8b 26.5a 82.1c 84.7c 96.9a
CF 97.9a 20.9a 15.3a 322.3a 25.1bc 135.0a 139.8a 96.6a
BU 101.0a 20.7a 15.5a 325.1a 24.9c 121.8b 128.0b 95.2a
CRU60 100.3a 20.5a 15.2a 319.4a 25.5b 120.1b 124.4b 96.5a
CRU90 101.6a 20.4a 14.9a 318.4a 25.6b 132.1a 136.5a 96.8a
2020 N0 90.6b 15.6b 14.9b 313.4b 25.6a 68.5c 71.3c 96.1a
CF 104.2a 18.1a 17.3a 362.8a 24.1bc 115.5a 120.7a 95.7a
BU 104.9a 17.9a 16.6a 349.2a 23.8c 106.3b 113.8b 93.4b
CRU60 103.6a 17.6a 16.7a 350.4a 24.6b 104.3b 108.9b 95.8a
CRU90 104.5a 17.5a 16.4a 345.4a 24.8b 112.0a 116.8a 96.1a

Fig.3

Effects of different treatments on rice yield Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level."

Table 3

Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different treatments"

地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 植株吸氮量Nitrogen absorbing amount by plants (kg/hm2) 氮肥利用率Nitrogen use efficiency (%)
2019 2020 平均Mean 2019 2020 平均Mean
方正Fangzheng N0 110.3c 106.5c 108.4 － － －
CF 164.1a 168.6a 166.4 32.6a 37.6a 35.1
BU 154.2b 155.3b 154.8 26.6b 29.6c 28.1
CRU60 152.3b 157.8b 155.1 25.5b 31.1bc 28.3
CRU90 160.9a 164.3a 162.6 30.7a 35.0ab 32.9
阿城Acheng N0 98.7c 100.6c 99.7 － － －
CF 159.7a 168.1a 163.9 37.0a 40.9a 39.0
BU 146.1b 144.2b 145.2 28.7b 26.4b 27.6
CRU60 150.2b 151.3b 150.8 31.2bc 30.7b 31.0
CRU90 158.2a 165.9a 162.1 36.1ab 39.6a 37.9

Table 4

Economic benefit increment of rice of different fertilization treatments 元/hm2 yuan/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 方正Fangzheng 阿城Acheng
2019 2020 2019 2020
N0 － － － －
CF 9726a 9108a 10 622a 8777a
BU 7572bc 6741bc 8012bc 6088bc
CRU60 6473c 6294c 7271c 5995c
CRU90 8151b 8352ab 9131ab 7154b
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