Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 76-80.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.013

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Grain Breakage Rate of Maize by Mechanical Harvesting in China

Li Shaokun,Wang Keru,Xie Ruizhi,Li Lulu,Ming Bo,Hou Peng,Chu Zhendong,Zhang Wanxu,Liu Chaowei   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2017-02-27 Revised:2017-03-08 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2018-08-26

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

227

Abstract:

Grain breakage rate is an important indicator to evaluate the harvesting quality for maize combine harvester. From 2011 to 2016, the harvesting quality of maize combine harvester was tested in 16 provinces of China, and 2450 test samples of grain mechanical harvesting were obtained. Results showed that the grain breakage rate was 8.56%, higher than the national standard of 5％[“Technical requirements for maize combine harvester” (GB/T 21961-2008)]. The most significant problem of maize grain mechanical harvesting quality is high grain breakage rate in our country. Further analysis of the influencing factors on the grain breakage rate indicated that there was a very significant positive correlation between the grain breakage rate and the grain moisture content, and their relationship could be fitted with the equation: ygrain breakage rate =0.0346x 2-1.3325x+18.5640 (R 2=0.3982 **, n=2450). The average moisture content of grain of 2450 group samples reached 26.65%. High grain moisture content was the main factor that led to the high grain breakage rate in maize combine harvesting. The results indicated that different combine harvester and its operation had significant effects on grain breakage rate. In addition, ecological and environmental conditions during maize growth, harvesting, and cultivation measures also influenced grain breakage rate. The main measures to solve the problem of high grain breakage rate include breeding maize varieties having characteristics of early maturity, fast dry-down rate of kernel, low water content of grain at physiological maturity, and resistance to breakage; the research and development of maize combine harvester with low grain breakage rate; and harvesting at optimal time. Furthermore, adjusting harvester parameters based on the growth condition, maturity levels, and grain moisture content before harvesting will also be the measures for reducing the grain breakage rate.

Key words: Maize, Grain, Mechanical harvest, Grain breakage rate, Influencing factors

Table 1

The statistical description of observed values on variables"

调查指标Variables 样本量
Number of sample		 平均数
Average		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 极差
Range		 变异系数
CV(%)		 GB/T 21961-2008
破碎率Breakage rate (%) 2 450 8.56 51.82 0.13 51.69 66.31 ≤5%
杂质率Impurity rate (%) 2 450 1.22 18.01 0 18.01 132.53 ≤3%
落粒损失量Grain loss (g/m2) 1 819 7.91 182.06 0 182.06 145.41
落穗损失量Ear loss (g/m2) 1 819 20.64 459.72 0 459.72 266.12
机收总损失量Total loss (g/m2) 1 819 28.55 459.72 0 459.72 198.05
损失率Loss rate (%) 1 819 4.76 76.62 0 76.62 ≤5%

Table 2

The correlation coefficient between mechanical harvesting quality and grain moisture content"

调查指标Variables 子粒含水率Grain moisture content 破碎率Breakage rate 杂质率Impurity rate 落粒量Grain loss 落穗量Ear loss
破碎率Breakage rate 0.558**
杂质率Impurity rate 0.404** 0.300**
落粒量Grain loss 0.136** 0.208** 0.124*
落穗量Ear loss -0.010NS -0.020NS 0.152* 0.067NS
总损失量Total loss 0.022NS 0.037NS 0.130* 0.276** 0.983**

Fig.1

The correlation between grain breakage rate with grain moisture content（2011-2016, n=2450）"

Table 3

Comparing of maize grain breakage rate for different machine harvester %"

机型
Machine model		 子粒含水率
Grain moisture content		 子粒破碎率
Breakage rate
收获前
Pre-harvest		 收获后
Post-harvest		 平均
Mean		 范围
Range
CASE4088 28.3 32.8 10.23b 9.59~11.31
收获机A 28.3 30.5 15.93a 11.04~20.73
[1] 李少昆, 王克如, 谢瑞芝 , 等. 实施密植高产机械化生产实现玉米高产高效协同.作物杂志, 2016(4):1-6.
[2] 谢瑞芝, 雷晓鹏, 王克如 , 等. 黄淮海夏玉米子粒机械收获研究初报.作物杂志, 2014(2):76-79.
[3] Waelti H, Buchele W F . Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders. Transactions of the ASAE, 1969: 55-59.
[4] Dutta P K . Effects of grain moisture,drying methods,and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester.Ames, Iowa:Iowa State University, 1986.
[5] 裴建杰, 范国昌 . 对玉米收获中籽粒破碎和损失的影响因素试验研究. 河北农业大学学报, 2012,35(1):101-105.
[6] 范国昌, 王惠新, 籍俊杰 , 等. 影响玉米摘穗过程中籽粒破碎和籽粒损失率的因素分析. 农业工程学报, 2002,18(4):72-74.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2002.04.017
[7] 吴多峰, 许峰, 袁长胜 . 板齿式与钉齿式玉米脱粒机的性能比较.农机化研究, 2006(10):78-80.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2006.10.027
[8] 王克如, 李璐璐, 郭银巧 , 等. 不同机械作业对玉米子粒收获质量的影响.玉米科学, 2016(1):114-116.
[9] Chowdhury M H, Buchele W F . The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling creascent of grain combines. Transactions of the ASAE, 1978: 610-614.
doi: 10.13031/2013.35353
[10] Delong H H, Schwantes A J . Mechanical injury in threshing barley. Agriculture Engineering, 1942,23:99-101.
[11] Pickard G E . Laboratory studies in corn combining. Agricultural Engineering, 1955,36:792-794.
[12] Bingen T R . Trends in the process technology of grain crop harvesting. Agritechnica, 2003,58:362-363.
[13] Fox R E . Development of a compression type corn threshing cylinder.Ames, Iowa:Iowa State University, 1969.
[14] Arnold R E . Experiments with rasp bar threshing drums. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1964,9:99-131.
[15] 柳枫贺, 王克如, 李健 , 等. 影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析.作物杂志, 2013(4):116-119.
[16] Mensah J K, Herum F L, Blaisdell J L , et al. Effect of drying condition on impact shear resistance of selected corn varieties. Transactions of the ASAE, 1981,24:1568-1572.
doi: 10.13031/2013.34491
[17] Moentono M D, Darrah L L, Zuber M S , et al. Effect of selection for stalk crushing strength on response to plant density and level of nitrogen application in maize. Maydica, 1984,29:431-452.
[18] Stroshine R L, Kirieis A W, Tuite J F , et al. Differences in grain quality among selected corn hybrids. Cereal Foods World, 1986,31:311-316.
[19] Vyn T J, Moes J , Breakage susceptibility of corn kernels in relation to crop management under long growing season conditions. Agronomy Journal, 1988,80:915-920.
doi: 10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000060015x
[20] Benson G O . Replanting or late planting decisions with corn and soybeans.Publ.Pm-1155.Coop.Ext.Service, Ames:Iowa State University, 1984.
[1] Chen Guangzhou, Wang Guangfu, Qu Jianzhou, Si Leiyong, . Study on Grain Dehydration Rate and#br# Correlation Analysis of Major Related#br# Characters in Different Maize Inbred Lines [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 33-39.
[2] Su Guihua, Li Chunlei, Su Yichen. Evaluation of 22 Main Popularized Varieties#br# by Variety Regional Trails in Jilin Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 63-70.
[3] Wu Ronghua, Zhuang Kezhang, Liu Peng, Zhang Chunyan. Response of Summer Maize Yield to#br# Meteorological Factors in Lunan Region [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 104-109.
[4] Li Shaokun, Zhang Wanxu, Wang Keru, Han Dongsheng, . Study on Maize Mechanical Grain#br# Harvest in Northern Xinjiang [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 127-131.
[5] Gao Wenjun, Yang Guoyi, Gao Xinzhong, Yu Zhu, . The Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Potassium#br# Fertilizer on the Yield and Silage Quality of Maize [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 144-149.
[6] Wang Xiaolin, Ji Xiaoling, Zhang Panpan, Zhang Xiong, Zhang Jing. Correlation Analysis between Aboveground Biomass#br# Allocation and Grain Yield in Different Varieties of#br# Foxtail Millet in the Dry Land of Loess Plateau [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 150-155.
[7] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1-7.
[8] Hongyan Li,Yonghong Wang,Rulang Zhao,Wenjie Zhang,Bo Ming,Ruizhi Xie,Keru Wang,Lulu Li,Shang Gao,Shaokun Li. The Construction and Application of Maize Grain Dehydration Model in Yellow River Irrigation and Pumping Irrigation District in Ningxia [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 149-153.
[9] Shaokun Li,Wanxu Zhang,Keru Wang,Wanbing Yu,Yongsheng Chen,Dongsheng Han,Xiaoxia Yang,Chaowei Liu,Guoqiang Zhang,Yizhou Wang,Fenghe Liu,Jianglu Chen,Jingjing Yang,Ruizhi Xie,Peng Hou,Bo Ming. The Selection of High Yield Maize Cultivars Suitable for Dense Planting and Grain Mechanical Harvesting in North of Xinjiang [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 62-68.
[10] Xingchuan Zhang, Wenxuan Huang, Kuanyu Zhu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Agronomic Traits of Different Rice Cultivars [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 69-78.
[11] Yanli Fan,Hui Dong,Baishan Lu,Yaxing Shi,Ning Gao,Yamin Shi,Li Xu,Shengli Xi,Cuifen Zhang,Yanhui Liu. Effects of Sowing Date on Starch Gelatinization Characteristics of Different Waxy Maize Varieties [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 79-83.
[12] Jingjing Yang,Jianglu Chen,Ruizhi Xie,Xiaowei Zhang,Bianhong Ding,Xinming Wu,Shaokun Li,Dongfang Li. Effects of Seed Weight Difference on the Evenness of Related Germination Indexes in Maize [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 180-184.
[13] Shaokun Li,Keru Wang,Yanbo Wang,Haiyan Zhao,Yuzhong Shen,Dandan Cai,Wanxin Xiao,Wenye Jiang,Zhaofu Huang,Lichao Zhai,Ruizhi Xie,Peng Hou,Bo Ming. The Quality of Mechanical Harvesting Maize Grain and Its Influencing Factors in Central Liaoning Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 162-167.
[14] Lei Shi,Guohong Wang,Yanbo Wang,Dawei Wang,Haiyan Zhao. Preliminary Study on Grain Dehydration Rate of Maize Hybrids and Their Parents [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 84-89.
[15] Keru Wang,Shaokun Li,Yanbo Wang,Haiyan Zhao,Yuzhong Shen,Dandan Cai,Wanxin Xiao,Wenye Jiang,Zhaofu Huang,Lichao Zhai,Lulu Li,Ruizhi Xie,Peng Hou,Bo Ming. Screening Maize Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting Grain in the Central Liaoning Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(3): 97-102.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .