Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 235-240.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.034

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Effects of Tillage Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Yield of Wheat

Ge Changbin1,2(), Qin Suyan1(), Huang Jie1,2, Cao Yanyan1,2, Liao Pingʼan1,2   

  1. 1Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
    2Henan Research Center of Scab Resistant and High Quality Wheat Germplasm Creation and New Variety Cultivation Engineering Technology, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
  • Received:2021-12-17 Revised:2022-07-04 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

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Abstract:

In order to determine the tillage methods after returning straw to field significantly reducing the hazards of Fusarium head blight, positioning experiment of straw returning with tillage methods were carried out to investigate the effects of fine tillage on diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate, 1000-grain weight, disease index and deoxynivalenol (DON) content of Fusarium head blight under straw returning condition in Qianhan village, Duqu town, Linying county, Luohe city, Henan province from 2016 to 2021. Five treatments were set, control, no straw returning, rotary tillage 25cm (T1); straw full returning, rotary tillage 15 (T2), 20 (T3), 25 (T4), 30cm (T5). The results showed that the diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate, 1000-grain weight, disease index and DON content of Fusarium head blight in T5 treatment were the optimal values (except T1). The effects of different treatments on wheat scab were as follows: T1>T5>T4>T3>T2. The performance of T1 was the best, and the performance of T5 was the best in treatments of straw returning. The difference between T1 and T5 was not significant. The T5 tillage method after straw returning was most conducive to reducing the damage of Fusarium head blight; high-quality straw returning to year after year would not cause the prevalence of Fusarium head blight. The correlation analysis results showed that the diseased ear rate, diseased spikelet rate, diseased kernel rate and the disease index were extremely significant positive correlated with the content of DON while the 1000-grain weight was extremely significant negative correlated with DON content. The average temperature in April was positively correlated with the disease index of Fusarium head blight. Straw returning could improve wheat yield, but the effect was not obvious.

Key words: Wheat, Fusarium head blight, Straw returning, Tillage methods, Deoxynivalenol

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on Fusarium head blight and yield of wheat in different years"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 病穗率
Diseased spike
rate (%)		 病小穗率
Diseased spikelet
rate (%)		 病粒率
Diseased kernel
rate (%)		 病情指数
Disease
index		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 DON含量
DON content
(μg/kg)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
2017 T1 5.33dD 2.97dD 5.00dD 5.17dD 46.63aA 120.33dD 8785.90bB
T2 38.67aA 22.30aA 28.33aA 35.67aA 44.53cC 2792.67aA 7911.50eE
T3 22.00bB 12.23bB 20.67bB 20.33bB 45.03bcBC 1953.67bB 8191.91dD
T4 14.33cC 7.72cC 13.00cC 13.08cC 45.50bB 961.67cC 8488.93cC
T5 6.33dD 3.53dD 5.67dD 6.00dD 46.50aA 126.00dD 8898.40aA
2018 T1 3.00cBC 3.78cB 11.00cC 11.83cBC 44.63bB 1095.33cC 8659.80bB
T2 35.00aA 11.67aA 27.33aA 31.50aA 43.43cC 2841.33aA 7978.70eE
T3 19.00bB 8.54bA 18.00bB 17.17bB 44.30bB 2039.67bB 8311.94dD
T4 5.33dCD 3.41cdB 4.33dD 5.00dC 45.63aA 118.67dD 8502.60cC
T5 4.67dD 1.22dB 4.00dD 4.58dC 45.63aA 118.33dD 8707.80aA
2019 T1 2.33dB 1.21dC 2.33cC 2.17dB 46.73aA 92.00cC 8562.30bB
T2 21.33aA 11.75aA 20.00aA 19.17aA 44.43cC 1980.00aA 7776.60eE
T3 16.33bA 8.45bB 17.00aA 14.75bA 45.33bBC 1700.33aA 8062.70dD
T4 7.67cB 3.71cC 8.67bB 6.83cB 46.20aAB 690.00bB 8383.50cC
T5 3.33dB 1.61cdC 3.33cBC 3.17dB 46.80aA 96.00cC 8652.31aA
2020 T1 2.33cC 1.13cC 2.00cC 2.08cB 46.40aAB 88.67cB 8151.53bB
T2 17.33aA 9.52aA 17.00aA 15.75aA 44.00bC 1835.33aA 7336.56eE
T3 14.00aA 7.96aA 13.00aAB 12.50aA 44.63bBC 1373.33bA 7734.15dD
T4 8.00bB 4.20bB 7.67bBC 6.83bB 46.17aAB 416.67cB 8064.94cC
T5 2.00cC 0.99cC 2.00cC 1.83cB 46.60aA 86.67cB 8362.67aA
2021 T1 2.00dD 1.06dD 2.00cD 1.67dC 46.90aA 78.00dD 8509.84bB
T2 14.00aA 8.03aA 13.67aA 12.33aA 44.17cB 1495.00aA 7821.53eE
T3 10.00bB 5.94bB 9.00bB 8.50bB 45.33bAB 1100.00bB 8152.46dD
T4 6.33cC 3.80cC 6.33cBC 5.75cB 46.47aA 350.00cC 8313.78cC
T5 1.67dD 0.82dD 2.50cCD 1.50dC 46.83aA 83.00dD 8641.18aA

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on Fusarium head blight and yield"

处理
Treatment		 病穗率
Diseased spike
rate (%)		 病小穗率
Diseased spikelet
rate (%)		 病粒率
Diseased kernel
rate (%)		 病情指数
Disease
index		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 DON含量
DON content
(μg/kg)		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
T1 3.33cC 1.52cC 3.07dC 3.13cC 46.46aA 99.47dB 8533.87abA
T2 25.27aA 12.65aA 21.27aA 22.89aA 44.11cC 2188.87aA 7764.98dC
T3 16.27bAB 8.62bAB 15.53bAB 14.65bAB 44.92bBC 1633.40bA 8090.63cB
T4 9.87bcBC 4.64cBC 9.33cBC 8.86bcBC 45.80aAB 702.73cB 8350.75bAB
T5 3.73cC 2.07cC 3.57dC 3.50cC 46.48aA 102.07dB 8652.47aA

Table 3

Correlation of wheat scab ear rate, diseased grain rate, disease index, 1000-grain weight and DON content and yield"

指标
Index		 病穗率
Diseased
spike rate		 病小穗率
Diseased
spikelet rate		 病粒率
Diseased
kernel rate		 病情指数
Disease
index		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 DON含量
DON
content		 产量
Yield
病穗率Diseased spike rate 1.000
病小穗率Diseased spikelet rate 0.998** 1.000
病粒率Diseased kernel rate 0.996** 0.997** 1.000
病情指数Disease index 1.000** 0.998** 0.995** 1.000
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.997** -0.998** -0.998** -0.997** 1.000
DON含量DON content 0.990** 0.994** 0.997** 0.989** -0.997** 1.000
产量Yield -0.991** -0.986** -0.987** -0.991** 0.992** -0.986** 1.000

Table 4

Correlation between rainfall at heading stage and before and after month and disease index in wheat"

指标
Index		 3月降水量
Precipitation in March		 4月降水量
Precipitation in April		 5月降水量
Precipitation in May		 病情指数
Disease index
3月降水量Precipitation in March 1.000
4月降水量Precipitation in April -0.240 1.000
5月降水量Precipitation in May 0.009 0.275 1.000
病情指数Disease index -0.590 0.520 0.439 1.000

Table 5

Correlation between average temperature and disease index at heading and flowering stage and before and after months of wheat"

指标
Index		 3月平均气温
Average temperature
in March		 4月平均气温
Average temperature
in April		 5月平均气温
Average temperature
in May		 病情指数
Disease
index
3月平均气温Average temperature in March 1.000
4月平均气温Average temperature in April -0.282 1.000
5月平均气温Average temperature in May 0.331 0.232 1.000
病情指数Disease index -0.503 0.971** 0.127 1.000

Table 6

Ten day average temperature in March, April and May of each year from 2017 to 2021 ℃"

年份
Year		 3月平均气温
Average temperature in March		 4月平均气温
Average temperature in April		 5月平均气温
Average temperature in May
上旬
Early ten
days		 中旬
Midmonth		 下旬
Last ten
days		 月均值
Monthly
mean		 上旬
Early
ten days		 中旬
Midmonth		 下旬
Last ten
days		 月均值
Monthly
mean		 上旬
Early
ten days		 中旬
Midmonth		 下旬
Last ten
days		 月均值
Monthly
mean
2017 9.17 10.16 10.84 10.08 14.50 18.71 18.97 17.39 19.80 22.66 26.05 22.93
2018 7.28 11.29 16.18 11.72 15.08 17.31 19.79 17.39 20.94 23.66 23.06 22.57
2019 8.97 14.69 13.11 12.28 15.48 17.45 15.89 16.27 20.35 21.98 25.16 22.58
2020 9.60 14.24 12.92 12.27 12.90 16.19 18.78 15.96 20.96 24.01 26.77 24.00
2021 8.13 10.69 13.98 11.02 12.19 16.35 16.85 15.13 20.47 19.58 24.92 21.75
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