施氮量对高粱产量、品质及氮利用效率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地对高粱进行氮素管理,采用盆栽试验研究了施氮量对高粱生长、籽粒产量及品质、氮素累积及转运利用的影响。选取肥力较低的土壤,设6个氮水平：0（N0）、0.05（N1）、0.1（N2）、0.2（N3）、0.4（N4）和0.6g/kg（N5）（风干土）。结果表明,N3处理干物质累积量、叶片SPAD值、籽粒产量、穗粒数及收获指数均显著高于N0和N5处理;N3处理籽粒淀粉含量低于N1处理,但淀粉产量最高;随施氮量的增加籽粒单宁含量降低,蛋白质含量增加,蛋白质总产量以N3和N4最高。随施氮量的增加叶鞘中NO₃^--N含量增加,N3处理挑旗期和穗花期叶鞘中NO₃^--N含量明显高于N0、N1和N2,但在灌浆期N0~N3处理间硝态氮含量没有显著差异;N3处理从茎叶向籽粒的转运率最高,达到76.76%。综上,适宜的施氮量有利于高粱生长及产量的提高,且在生长前期提高了叶鞘中硝态氮累积,能协调籽粒产量和功能成分的关系,获得较高的淀粉和蛋白总产量。

关键词: 高粱, 施氮量, 籽粒产量, 淀粉含量与产量, 氮利用效率, 氮转移

Abstract:

To establish the nitrogen management practice for grain sorghum, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on its growth, grain yield and quality, N accumulation and translocation. Less fertile air-dried soil was selected with six nitrogen levels, 0 (N0), 0.05 (N1), 0.1 (N2), 0.2 (N3), 0.4 (N4), and 0.6 (N5) g/kg. The results showed that dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, grain yield, number of grains per panicle, and harvest index under N3 treatment were significantly higher than those under N0 and N5 treatments. The starch content in N3 treatment was lower than that in N1 treatment, but the starch yield of N3 was the highest. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, the grain tannin content decreased and protein content increased, and the total protein output was the highest in N3 and N4. High NO₃^--N concentration of leaf sheath was induced by high N fertilization intensity. It is worthy of mentioning that NO₃^--N concentration of leaf sheath of N3 treatment was significantly higher than those of N0, N1, and N2 at flag leaf and anthesis stages. However, there was a similar value of NO₃^--N concentration of leaf sheath for these four treatments at filling stage. N3 treatment induced the highest percentage of N translocation from shoot to grain, which was 76.76%. In conclusion, appropriate nitrogen fertilization was beneficial to the growth and yield of sorghum, and increased NO₃^--N accumulation in leaf sheath at the early stage of growth, which could coordinate the relationship between grain yield and functional components and obtain higher total starch and protein yield.

Key words: Sorghum, N fertilization rate, Grain yield, Starch content and yield, N use efficiency, N translocation

曹晓燕, 武爱莲, 王劲松, 董二伟, 焦晓燕. 施氮量对高粱产量、品质及氮利用效率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021 (2): 108–115

Cao Xiaoyan, Wu Ailian, Wang Jinsong, Dong Erwei, Jiao Xiaoyan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2021(2): 108–115

图/表 13

图1

图2

表1

表2

表3

表4

图3

表5

表6

图4

图5

表7

表8

参考文献 39

[1]	Good A G, Sharwat A K, Muench D G. Can less yield more? Is reducing nutrient input into the environment compatible with maintaining crop production. Trends in Plant Science, 2004,9(12):597-605.
[2]	李书田, 刘晓永, 何萍. 当前我国农业生产中的养分需求分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(6):1416-1432.
[3]	唐文雪, 马忠明, 王景才. 施氮量对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米田土壤硝态氮、产量和氮肥利用率的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015,33(6):58-63.
[4]	Tilman D. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion:The need for sustainable and efficient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999,96(11):5995-6000.
[5]	Peoples M B, Freney J R, Mosier A R. Minimizing gaseous losses of nitrogen// Nitrogen Fertilization in Environment, 1995: 565-607.
[6]	Tilman D, Fargione J, Wolff B, et al. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science, 2001,292(5515):281-284.
[7]	巨晓棠, 谷保静. 我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(4):783-795.
[8]	Beillouin D, Trépos R, Gauffreteau A, et al. Delayed and reduced nitrogen fertilization strategies decrease nitrogen losses while still achieving high yields and high grain quality in malting barley. European Journal of Agronomy, 2018,101:174-182.
[9]	Zhang X, Davidson E A, Mauzerall D L, et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature, 2015,528(7580):51-59.
[10]	Leiser W L, Rattunde H F, Piepho H P, et al. Getting the most out of sorghum low-input field trials in west Africa using spatial adjustment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2012,198(5):349-359.
[11]	山仑, 徐炳成. 论高粱的抗旱性及在旱区农业中的地位. 中国农业科学, 2009,42(7):2342-2348.
[12]	Hernlem B J, Ravva S V. Application of flow cytometry and cell sorting to the bacterial analysis of environmental aerosol samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2007,9(12):1317-1322.
[13]	Subbarao G V, Nakahara K, Ishikawa T, et al. Free fatty acids from the pasture grass Brachiaria humidicola and one of their methyl esters as inhibitors of nitrification. Plant Soil, 2008,313:89-99.
[14]	Zakir H A K M, Subbarao G V, Pearse S J, et al. Detection,isolation and characterization of a root-exuded compound,methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate,responsible for biological nitrification inhibition by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). New Phytologist, 2008,180(2):442-451.
[15]	王劲松, 董二伟, 武爱莲, 等. 灌溉时期与施氮量对矮秆高粱产量和品质的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2017,36(S2):1-8.
[16]	刘鹏, 武爱莲, 王劲松, 等. 不同基因型高粱的氮效率及对低氮胁迫的生理响应. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(16):3074-3083.
[17]	朱艳, 姚霞, 田永超, 等. 小麦氮素积累动态的高光谱监测. 中国农业科学, 2008,41(7):1937-1946.
[18]	刘东军, 张宏纪, 孙岩, 等. 氮肥对小麦氮积累和分配及氮肥利用率影响的研究进展. 黑龙江农业科学, 2017(11):93-100.
[19]	王劲松, 董二伟, 武爱莲, 等. 不同肥力条件下施肥对粒用高粱产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2019,52(22):4166-4176.
[20]	Worland B, Nicole R, David J, et al. Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2017,9(216):118-124.
[21]	Scheible W R, Gonzalezfontes A, Lauerer M, et al. Nitrate acts as a signal to induce organic acid metabolism and repress starch metabolism in tobacco. Plant Cell, 1997,9(5):783-798.
[22]	Zhang S S, Yue S C, Yan P, et al. Testing the suitability of the end-of-season stalk nitrate test for summer corn (Zea mays L.) production in China. Field Crops Research, 2003,154:153-157.
[23]	徐琢频. 作物单籽粒近红外快速无损检测的模型转移方法研究. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2020.
[24]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 高粱单宁含量的测定: GB/T 15686-2008.
[25]	Gaju O, Allard V, Martre P, et al. Nitrogen partitioning and remobilization in relation to leaf senescence,grain yield and grain nitrogen concentration in wheat cultivars. Field Crops Research, 2013,155:213-223.
[26]	熊淑萍, 吴克远, 王小纯, 等. 不同氮效率基因型小麦根系吸收特性与氮素利用差异的分析. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(12):2267-2279.
[27]	曾建敏, 崔克辉, 黄见良, 等. 水稻生理生化特性对氮肥的反应及与氮利用效率的关系. 作物学报, 2007,33(7):1168-1176.
[28]	江东国, 黄正来, 张文静, 等. 晚播条件下施氮量对稻茬小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2019,39(10):1211-1221.
[29]	Takei K, Ueda N, Aoki K. AtIPT3 is a key determinant of nitrate-dependent cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004,45(8):1053-1062.
[30]	Elizabeth J P, Jiancheng S. Cytokinin:a key driver of seed yield. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015(3):593-606.
[31]	熊淑萍, 王静, 王小纯, 等. 耕作方式及施氮量对砂姜黑土区小麦氮代谢及籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014,38(7):767-775.
[32]	王尊欣. 水稻籽粒矿质营养品质的氮素调控效应研究. 南京:南京农业大学, 2018.
[33]	Schiltz S, Munier J N, Jeudy C, et al. Dynamics of exogenous nitrogen partitioning and nitrogen remobilization from vegetative organs in pea revealed by ¹⁵N in vivo labeling throughout seed filling. Plant Physiology, 2005,137(4):1463-1473.
[34]	Pommel B, Gallais A, Coque M, et al. Carbon and nitrogen allocation and grain filling in three maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006,24(3):203-211.
[35]	Delhon P, Gojon A, Tillard P, et al. Diurnal regulation of NO₃^-uptake in soybean plants I. Changes in NO₃^-influx,efflux,and N utilizationin the plant during the day/night cycle. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1995,46(10):1585-1594.
[36]	Sakakibara H, Takei K, Hirose N. Interactions between nitrogen and cytokinin in the regulation of metabolism and development. Trends in Plant Science, 2009,11(9):440-448.
[37]	梁喜龙, 邱凯华, 何瑞, 等. 植物籽粒建成的调控与细胞分裂素. 植物生理学报, 2020,56(4):635-642.
[38]	邹京南, 于奇, 金喜军, 等. 外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期生理和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2020,46(5):745-758.
[39]	张立华, 林益明, 叶功富, 等. 环境因素对植物单宁形成的影响. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2010,26(4):366-372.

相关文章 15

[1]	王佳旭, 张飞, 张旷野, 柯福来, 王艳秋, 卢峰, 朱凯. 减氮增施DMPP对高粱氮素吸收与利用的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 126–131
[2]	郝小聪, 李欣宇, 侯起岭, 杨吉芳, 安春会, 王长华, 叶志杰, 张风廷. 施氮量对二系杂交小麦品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 187–192
[3]	王海涛, 任春梅, 董岩, 李硕, 程兆榜, 季英华. 江苏淮安市高粱上玉米黄花叶病毒的分子检测与鉴定[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 233–238
[4]	孙远涛, 龙文靖, 李元, 刘天朋, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林. 45份糯高粱种质资源主要农艺性状和SSR标记的遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2024, (1): 57–64
[5]	郝智勇, 杨广东, 胡尊艳, 李菁华, 孙邦升, 陈林祺. 不同肥料对极早熟高粱产量、农艺性状及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (6): 218–223
[6]	张福耀, 平俊爱, 焦晓燕. 高粱的耐瘠性与养分高效利用研究现状与展望[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (6): 26–34
[7]	胡锐, 胡香玉, 傅友强, 叶群欢, 潘俊峰, 梁开明, 李妹娟, 刘彦卓, 钟旭华. 氮肥运筹对水稻根系生长发育的影响及其与氮肥吸收利用的关系[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (5): 179–186
[8]	陈冰嬬, 于淼, 石贵山, 王江红, 唐玉劼, 徐晨, 李海青, 徐宁, 周紫阳, 王鼐. 优异糯高粱不育系吉5535A的创制与应用[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (4): 260–266
[9]	张海斌, 吴晓华, 于美玲, 王小兵, 叶君, 崔思宇, 李元清, 王占贤, 张宏旭, 薛伟, 李岩, 崔国惠, 赵轩微, 刘娟. 内蒙古区域试验小麦品种（系）籽粒产量AMMI模型分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (3): 27–34
[10]	刘宇, 曹家林, 肖正午, 张鸣宇, 陈佳娜, 曹放波, 黄敏. 施氮量对超级杂交稻Y两优900产量与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (2): 126–130
[11]	肖继兵, 刘志, 孔凡信, 辛宗绪, 吴宏生. 基于GGE双标图的高粱品种农艺性状和稳产性分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (2): 36–45
[12]	马瑞琦, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 施氮量对北部冬麦区种植弱筋小麦产量与品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 163–169
[13]	吴子帅, 刘广林, 李虎, 罗群昌, 陈传华, 朱其南. 施氮量对优质常规籼稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2023, (1): 84–88
[14]	种浩天, 尚程, 张运波, 黄礼英. 增密减氮对不同类型水稻品种颖花形成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022, (6): 226–233
[15]	张瑞栋, 梁晓红, 刘静, 南怀林, 王颂宇, 曹雄. 种子引发对干旱胁迫下高粱种子发芽及生理特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022, (6): 234–240

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

处理Treatment	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Grains number per panicle	籽粒产量(g/盆) Grain yield (g/pot)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
N0	16.82±0.28c	113.12±3.08c	5.70±0.11c	27.57±0.59c
N1	21.98±0.32b	354.41±11.18b	23.35±0.47b	45.50±0.43a
N2	22.60±2.04b	448.99±25.52a	29.60±0.79b	47.42±0.70a
N3	22.23±1.35b	545.10±37.34a	34.21±0.81a	49.51±0.78a
N4	28.80±0.46a	366.50±13.95b	31.64±1.11b	44.57±0.01a
N5	23.76±0.43b	296.60±9.54b	21.12±0.54b	42.25±1.17b

处理 Treatment	单宁 Tannic (g/kg)	淀粉Starch			蛋白质Protein
处理 Treatment	单宁 Tannic (g/kg)	含量(%) Content	单籽粒产量 Production per grain (mg)	总产量(g/盆) Total production (g/pot)	含量(%) Content	单籽粒产量 Production per grain (mg)	总产量(g/盆) Total production (g/pot)
N0	16.5±0.1a	69.6±0.4b	11.8±0.2d	4.0±0.1e	6.3±0.1d	1.2±0.0e	0.4±0.0e
N1	15.3±0.4ab	73.7±0.2a	16.2±0.2b	17.2±0.4b	6.2±0.2d	1.4±0.0de	1.4±0.0d
N2	15.2±0.9ab	71.3±0.1b	14.5±0.7cd	21.1±0.6a	8.0±0.1c	1.6±0.1d	2.4±0.1c
N3	14.2±0.8ab	67.6±0.6c	14.4±1.2cd	23.1±0.7a	11.7±0.1b	2.5±0.2c	4.0±0.1a
N4	12.9±0.1b	67.0±0.7c	19.3±0.4a	21.2±0.7a	12.8±0.2a	3.7±0.1a	4.0±0.1a
N5	14.5±0.2ab	66.4±0.2c	15.8±0.3c	14.0±0.3c	13.2±0.3a	3.1±0.1b	2.8±0.1b

处理 Treatment	挑旗期 Flag leaf stage	穗花期 Anthesis stage	灌浆期 Grain filling stage
N0	46.3±4.7c	27.5±6.1c	56.3±8.8b
N1	34.5±0.5c	25.0±2.0c	29.6±1.3b
N2	63.2±29.8c	36.8±1.0c	30.3±0.7b
N3	1903.3±322.0bc	756.3±62.7b	45.9±3.7b
N4	2878.5±656.2ab	3772.6±602.7a	2800.0±271.4a
N5	4197.4±828.5a	4343.2±310.5a	6804.4±119.6a

处理 Treatment	穗花期Anthesis stage		收获期Harvest stage
处理 Treatment	茎叶Shoot	花穗Panicle	茎叶Shoot	籽粒Grain	穗芯Inflorenscence
N0	5.35±0.10d	10.40±0.43c	3.59±0.07d	10.93±0.21c	4.17±0.25c
N1	6.92±0.18d	12.30±0.11b	3.73±0.16d	9.87±0.25c	3.41±0.07c
N2	9.36±0.13c	14.53±0.27a	4.22±0.11d	12.85±0.13c	3.80±0.35c
N3	13.98±0.77b	15.93±0.74a	5.32±0.22c	18.75±0.21b	5.51±0.05b
N4	15.33±0.31ab	15.30±0.64a	8.71±0.25b	20.40±0.30ab	6.11±0.24ab
N5	16.05±0.31a	15.20±0.41a	12.10±0.47a	21.13±0.50a	6.86±0.20a

处理 Treatment	N转运量 (mg/盆) N translocation (mg/pot)	转运N占籽粒N比例 Proportion of N translocation to grain (%)	营养器官氮转运率 N translocation rate of source- sink (%)
N0	31.59±0.62c	49.89±0.58b	39.70±0.76c
N1	155.09±11.96b	67.48±5.47ab	63.33±1.22b
N2	272.55±11.74b	71.60±1.67a	70.40±0.49ab
N3	490.11±32.08a	76.45±4.79a	76.76±0.86a
N4	470.19±44.33a	72.54±5.30a	61.09±1.93ab
N5	235.29±32.22b	52.16±5.18b	44.12±4.86c