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作物杂志,2024, 第1期: 117–125 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.016

所属专题： 水稻专题

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

抽穗期高温胁迫对不同水稻品种产量构成和品质的影响

季平1(), 刘金龙1(), 柳浩1, 匡佳丽1, 叶世河1, 龙莎1, 杨洪涛1, 彭勃1, 徐晨2, 刘晓龙1()   

  1. 1宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院/江西省高等学校硒农业工程技术研究中心，336000，江西宜春
    2吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，130033，吉林长春
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-14 修回日期:2022-07-28 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓龙，研究方向为作物对逆境响应的生理和分子机制，E-mail：lxl032202@163.com
  • 作者简介:季平，主要从事作物逆境生理研究，E-mail：jipingteng@163.com;|刘金龙，主要从事作物逆境生理研究，E-mail：3275268807@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL213046);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ190868)

Effects of Heat Stress on Yield Components and Quality in Different Rice Varieties during Heading Stage

Ji Ping1(), Liu Jinlong1(), Liu Hao1, Kuang Jiali1, Ye Shihe1, Long Sha1, Yang Hongtao1, Peng Bo1, Xu Chen2, Liu Xiaolong1()   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University / Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-06-14 Revised:2022-07-28 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Liu Xiaolong

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摘要：

为系统研究抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成以及稻米品质的影响，以江西省普遍推广种植的8个水稻品种为材料，测定各水稻品种在抽穗期高温胁迫下（38 ℃/32 ℃，昼/夜）抽穗期、穗部性状、产量构成和稻米品质的差异。结果表明，抽穗期高温胁迫下，水稻抽穗期缩短，穗部发育受到抑制，穗长和穗重显著下降。高温胁迫导致各品种产量下降了27.44%~40.33%，产量构成中以千粒重的下降幅度较大。高温胁迫导致籽粒淀粉和蔗糖含量、糙米率、精米率和整精米率下降，葡萄糖和果糖含量、垩白粒率及垩白度升高。黄华占和湘两优900在抽穗期高温胁迫下的产量损失较小，与对照处理相比，有较高的穗长、穗重和穗粒数，以及较小的籽粒淀粉和蔗糖含量下降幅度。产量损失较大的品种为粤王丝苗和湘两优2号。高温胁迫下水稻品种各指标的综合抗逆系数与产量损失高度一致。综上，抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量形成和稻米品质的影响具有一致性，产量损失较大的品种其稻米品质受影响也较大。

关键词: 水稻, 高温胁迫, 抽穗期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to systematically analyzed the effects of heat stress on yield components and rice quality during heading stage, eight rice varieties widely planted in Jiangxi province were used as materials, and the differences of heading time, panicle characteristics, yield components and rice quality among different rice varieties were measured under heat stress (38 ℃/32 ℃, day/night) at heading stage. The results showed that heat stress during heading stage induced the shortened of heading time, panicle development was inhibited, panicle length and panicle weight decreased significantly. Heat stress caused yield loss by 27.44%-40.33% among different rice varieties, respectively, and the 1000-grain weight was the largest decline index of yield components under heat stress. Heat stress caused decrease of the contents of starch and sucrose, as well the rates of brown rice, milled rice and head rice, while the contents of glucose and fructose, chalky kernel and chalkiness were significantly increased induced by heat stress. The yield loss of Huanghuazhan and Xiangliangyou 900 were less than other rice varieties under heat stress during heading stage, which was expressed by smaller shortened of heading time, higher panicle length, panicle weight and more spikelets, as well as smaller decline of the starch and sucrose content. The yield loss of Yuewangsimiao and Xiangliangyou 2 were more than other rice varieties under heat stress. The resistance coefficient in multiple indices of each rice variety was highly consistent with the yield loss under heat stress. Taken together, there was consistency of effects induced by heat stress between yield formation and rice quality, which indicated that rice varieties with higher yield loss suffered from severe effects in rice quality induced by heat stress.

Key words: Rice, Heat stress, Heading stage, Yield, Quality

表1

不同水稻品种的生育期

品种
Variety		 生育期
Growth period		 品种
Variety		 生育期
Growth period
C1 136 C5 136
C2 122 C6 139
C3 122 C7 121
C4 121 C8 139

表2

Heading stages of different rice cultivars 月-日 month-day

品种
Variety		 始穗期
Initial heading stage		 齐穗期Full heading stage
对照CK 高温HS
C1 07-23 08-01 07-31
C2 07-14 07-22 07-20
C3 07-15 07-24 07-23
C4 07-13 07-22 07-20
C5 07-25 08-04 08-02
C6 07-26 08-04 08-04
C7 07-13 07-21 07-20
C8 07-25 08-04 08-01

图1

抽穗期高温胁迫下不同水稻品种穗部生长指标和产量构成的差异 “*”和“**”分别表示同一品种的不同处理在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著，下同。

图2

抽穗期高温胁迫对不同水稻品种产量的影响

图3

抽穗期高温胁迫对不同水稻品种籽粒淀粉和糖类物质含量的影响

表3

抽穗期高温胁迫对不同水稻品种稻米外观和加工品质的影响

品种
Variety		 糙米率
Brown rice rate		 精米率
Milled rice rate		 整精米率
Head rice rate		 垩白粒率
Chalky kernel rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness
对照CK 高温HS 对照CK 高温HS 对照CK 高温HS 对照CK 高温HS 对照CK 高温HS
C1 77.88±3.66 71.47±3.49* 72.37±2.31 67.62±2.35** 68.13±5.55 62.63±2.18* 8.48±1.25 10.37±0.63** 3.78±0.56 4.80±0.51**
C2 74.35±3.34 64.02±2.63** 64.33±3.07 57.50±3.08** 57.82±3.02 51.90±1.19** 14.87±1.79 18.20±1.32** 5.10±0.63 6.47±0.22**
C3 78.98±3.28 70.98±2.69** 71.20±2.95 63.07±1.75** 63.95±1.98 56.35±2.16** 12.38±2.00 15.87±0.48** 4.03±0.61 5.32±0.23**
C4 72.08±1.16 62.35±1.79** 66.47±3.36 58.62±2.04** 58.80±1.96 52.05±1.71** 15.90±1.60 20.78±1.24** 5.82±0.52 7.80±0.33**
C5 70.78±3.99 65.23±2.92* 70.68±3.10 64.20±1.48** 64.63±2.99 59.75±3.39* 13.18±2.04 16.28±0.99** 5.15±1.10 6.20±0.44*
C6 71.12±3.88 64.80±4.00* 69.65±4.94 63.12±1.48* 65.30±2.89 58.85±1.80** 10.47±1.07 13.03±0.54** 4.17±0.77 5.03±0.22*
C7 76.10±4.18 69.95±3.08* 68.33±5.50 62.70±2.70* 59.28±5.83 54.30±1.51 17.72±1.86 21.05±1.26** 8.02±0.79 9.22±0.46**
C8 78.57±3.37 71.27±1.90** 69.78±5.07 63.78±1.99* 62.57±1.94 56.50±1.76** 17.92±1.68 24.73±1.43** 8.08±0.39 10.87±0.56**

图4

抽穗期高温胁迫下不同水稻品种各指标的抗逆系数 不同小写字母表示不同品种间在0.05水平上差异显著。

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