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作物杂志,2024, 第1期: 193–203 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.026

所属专题： 水稻专题

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻光合特性及产量的影响

王晓蕾(), 张云鹤, 牟金猛, 高大鹏, 耿艳秋, 曹译文, 卢芬, 关政闻, 邵玺文(), 郭丽颖()   

  1. 吉林农业大学，130118，吉林长春
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-03 修回日期:2023-10-12 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 邵玺文，研究方向为水稻高产高效栽培技术与理论，E-mail：shaoxiwen@126.com; 郭丽颖，研究方向为水稻高产高效栽培技术与理论，E-mail：guoliying0621@163.com
  • 作者简介:王晓蕾，研究方向为盐碱地水稻高产高效栽培技术与理论，E-mail：17843102041@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20210202008NC);吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20210509032RQ)

Effects of Soda and Saline-Alkali Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice

Wang Xiaolei(), Zhang Yunhe, Mu Jinmeng, Gao Dapeng, Geng Yanqiu, Cao Yiwen, Lu Fen, Guan Zhengwen, Shao Xiwen(), Guo Liying()   

  1. Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-10-03 Revised:2023-10-12 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Shao Xiwen,Guo Liying

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摘要：

以水稻品种长白9和吉农大667为供试材料，采用盆栽法，设置普通黑土（CK）、轻度（LS）、中度（MS）和重度盐碱（SS）4个处理，测定水稻的干物质、叶面积、产量、叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换参数以及叶绿素荧光参数等指标，探究不同程度苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻光合生理的响应机制。结果表明，随着盐碱程度的加剧，水稻叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数中净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、干物质和产量均显著下降，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）显著上升。叶绿素荧光动力学曲线中K点的WK和J点的VJ以及QA初始还原速度（Mo）均显著上升，水稻叶片性能指数（PIABS）显著降低，量子产额与效率（φPo、φRo、ψEo）随盐碱程度的加剧呈下降趋势，热耗散比率（φDo）呈上升趋势。与CK相比，苏打盐碱胁迫下长白9品种2年的产量平均下降了16.85%~ 48.85%，吉农大667下降了17.00%~53.10%；水稻的产量构成中结实率、有效穗数和穗粒数等均显著下降。

关键词: 水稻, 苏打盐碱胁迫, 光合作用, 光系统Ⅱ, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

Rice varieties Changbai 9 and Jinongda 667 were used as the test materials, and four treatments of black soil (CK), light saline (LS), moderate saline (MS) and severe saline (SS) were set up by potting method. The dry matter, leaf area, yield, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were measured to investigate the response mechanisms of photosynthetic physiology of rice under different levels of soda salinity stress. The results showed that rice leaf area, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), dry matter and yield in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters decreased significantly; and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased significantly with increasing salinity. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curves of WK at point K and VJ at point J, and initial reduction rate of QA (Mo) were significantly increased, performance index of rice leaves (PIABS) was significantly decreased, quantum yield and efficiency (φPo, φRo, ψEo) showed a decreasing trend with the increasing salinity, and heat dissipation ratio (φDo) showed an increasing trend. Compared with CK, the yield of Changbai 9 under soda salinity stress decreased on average by 16.85% to 48.85% in two years, and by 17.00% to 53.10% in Jinongda 667. The yield components of rice were significantly reduced in seed-setting rate, effective panicle number and grains number per panicle.

Key words: Rice, Soda and saline-alkali stress, Photosynthesis, Photosystem II, Chlorophyll fluorescence

图1

不同苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻干物质积累量的动态变化 BS：孕穗期，HS：抽穗期，FS：灌浆期，PMS：生理成熟期，FMS：完熟期。不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。

表1

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数（个/穴）
Effective panicle
number (piece/hill)		 穗粒数
Grains number
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量（g/盆）
Yield (g/pot)
2020 长白9 CK 18.33±1.03a 76.75±12.49a 93.62±1.43a 28.19±3.83a 109.19±5.32a
LS 16.83±1.72ab 71.93±3.50ab 91.16±1.04ab 28.56±1.96a 93.98±4.73b
MS 15.33±1.03b 62.41±8.48bc 88.03±3.44b 28.43±2.62a 71.46±10.28c
SS 12.50±1.64c 61.19±4.86c 84.20±3.96c 27.95±2.16a 53.48±4.99d
吉农大667 CK 16.00±1.41a 117.07±5.17a 89.89±1.70a 21.87±1.15a 110.01±5.78a
LS 15.00±1.41a 109.48±7.26ab 86.12±2.38ab 22.40±0.52a 94.70±7.31b
MS 11.50±1.05b 106.87±7.57b 84.00±4.32bc 22.35±1.80a 68.72±4.98c
SS 9.17±0.75c 103.88±5.59b 79.87±7.61c 22.17±1.79a 50.24±4.73d
2021 长白9 CK 19.00±1.67a 78.79±3.78a 94.12±0.43a 27.66±0.46a 116.57±6.75a
LS 18.50±1.38a 66.41±3.32b 93.95±1.16a 27.11±1.70a 93.49±4.15b
MS 16.67±1.03b 62.40±4.23bc 91.28±1.84a 26.71±0.71a 75.85±3.94c
SS 14.83±1.72c 61.02±2.00c 83.02±6.37b 27.73±1.50a 62.08±5.66d
吉农大667 CK 17.50±1.38a 121.99±7.14a 88.56±5.38a 21.79±0.27a 123.02±6.44a
LS 15.67±1.21b 116.05±7.34ab 82.49±2.74b 21.95±1.10a 98.60±9.23b
MS 12.17±0.75c 109.27±4.69bc 81.74±2.76b 22.20±0.73a 72.19±3.34c
SS 10.67±1.37d 103.50±7.66c 79.07±3.72b 22.75±1.17a 59.17±5.74d

图2

苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻叶面积的动态变化

表2

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片叶绿素及气体交换参数的影响（长白9）

年份
Year		 时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g) 叶绿素a/b
Chl a/b		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μL/L)
叶绿素a Chl a 叶绿素b Chl b
2020 孕穗期 CK 1.05a 0.18a 5.78a 22.08a 1068.63a 316.61c
LS 0.95ab 0.16ab 6.01ab 20.18b 1045.28a 332.40b
MS 0.90b 0.12b 7.34b 15.45c 996.52a 338.85a
SS 0.82b 0.08c 10.42b 10.81d 952.12a 343.44a
抽穗期 CK 2.52a 0.24a 10.59b 36.11a 1495.16a 303.55c
LS 2.38a 0.21ab 11.28ab 26.49b 1242.82b 307.40bc
MS 1.80b 0.15bc 12.28a 24.00b 1069.34b 310.98b
SS 1.48c 0.12c 12.09a 18.94c 1025.03b 317.62a
灌浆期 CK 1.36a 0.21a 6.42a 17.63a 950.50a 329.13c
LS 1.23b 0.18a 6.77a 15.36ab 898.91ab 335.33bc
MS 1.05c 0.15b 7.16a 12.95bc 795.20b 339.79ab
SS 0.91d 0.12c 7.28a 9.09c 675.73c 346.49a
生理成熟期 CK 0.37a 0.10a 3.62a 4.22a 209.71a 352.33c
LS 0.37a 0.08b 4.51ab 3.48a 178.06b 358.31bc
MS 0.31a 0.05c 6.74ab 1.99b 156.75b 366.47ab
SS 0.21b 0.03d 7.71b 0.90c 118.92c 376.23a
2021 孕穗期 CK 1.73a 0.32a 5.78b 28.12a 1168.10a 304.33c
LS 1.49b 0.27b 6.48b 23.10b 1056.73ab 311.41bc
MS 1.43c 0.26b 7.39ab 20.65c 994.57bc 316.21ab
SS 1.37d 0.22c 10.70a 15.99d 864.05c 323.60a
抽穗期 CK 2.86a 0.42a 10.66b 35.88a 1020.86a 313.89d
LS 2.74ab 0.40ab 12.23a 29.73b 1483.40a 292.40c
MS 2.46b 0.33b 12.41a 24.14c 1443.54b 298.17b
SS 1.98c 0.25c 12.45a 21.71d 1141.48b 305.70a
灌浆期 CK 1.63a 0.23a 6.43a 18.87a 1063.61a 313.53b
LS 1.59a 0.22a 6.78a 14.80b 1283.01a 302.45ab
MS 1.45b 0.18b 7.25a 17.48b 924.08a 331.73a
SS 1.29c 0.15b 7.30a 14.80c 903.63a 337.04a
生理成熟期 CK 0.43a 0.06a 3.67b 12.70a 832.85a 342.35b
LS 0.36b 0.04a 4.52ab 9.76b 733.04b 346.11ab
MS 0.28c 0.03b 6.75ab 13.68b 848.40c 339.30a
SS 0.13d 0.02b 8.97a 3.60b 181.20c 341.76a

表3

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片叶绿素及气体交换参数的影响（吉农大667）

年份
Year		 时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg/g) 叶绿素a/b
Chl a/b		 Pn
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Gs
[μmol/(m2·s)]		 Ci
(μL/L)
叶绿素a Chl a 叶绿素b Chl b
2020 孕穗期 CK 1.28a 0.18a 7.14b 28.98a 1103.65a 315.70c
LS 1.12b 0.14ab 7.76b 26.39b 1005.60a 322.14c
MS 1.04c 0.12bc 8.94ab 21.59c 954.26a 332.24b
SS 0.96d 0.10c 9.70a 14.91d 693.86b 340.28a
抽穗期 CK 2.51a 0.25a 10.10b 37.97a 1485.48a 290.68c
LS 2.39a 0.22a 10.70b 27.83b 1208.66b 302.54b
MS 1.91b 0.18b 10.70b 22.18c 1060.08bc 308.48b
SS 1.46c 0.12c 12.40a 21.80c 908.56c 333.22a
灌浆期 CK 1.33a 0.27a 4.91b 18.13a 928.69a 314.81b
LS 1.25a 0.24a 5.15b 13.97b 674.51b 318.06b
MS 1.05b 0.16b 6.70ab 11.81b 641.73b 337.50a
SS 0.91b 0.11b 7.79a 8.85c 539.54c 346.47a
生理成熟期 CK 0.53a 0.09a 5.85b 3.53a 150.99a 353.89b
LS 0.37b 0.06b 6.58ab 3.21a 124.4ab 354.85b
MS 0.33b 0.05b 6.69ab 1.94b 102.04b 381.79a
SS 0.21c 0.02c 8.77b 1.03c 99.46b 392.16a
2021 孕穗期 CK 1.60a 0.28a 5.81b 28.69a 1108.81a 300.56c
LS 1.48b 0.25ab 5.94b 25.58b 1032.43a 304.56bc
MS 1.38c 0.21bc 6.53ab 22.47c 1015.87a 313.37ab
SS 1.33c 0.17c 7.71a 17.17d 804.05b 320.54a
抽穗期 CK 2.67a 0.50a 5.35b 35.20a 1517.55a 286.38d
LS 2.47b 0.45ab 5.54b 28.87b 1331.54a 295.60c
MS 2.00c 0.35b 5.64b 22.41c 1055.36b 302.42b
SS 1.85d 0.24c 7.73a 18.49d 915.88b 311.68a
灌浆期 CK 1.48a 0.19a 7.98b 17.03a 793.77a 325.52d
LS 1.08b 0.09b 11.40ab 14.21b 732.04a 332.50c
MS 0.97c 0.09b 10.30ab 11.10c 599.33b 340.06b
SS 0.93c 0.07b 14.04a 9.00d 561.81b 345.35a
生理成熟期 CK 0.44a 0.07a 6.47a 3.59a 129.63a 332.53c
LS 0.32b 0.06ab 5.30a 2.63ab 109.88a 341.51b
MS 0.31b 0.06ab 5.49a 1.62bc 99.89a 346.74ab
SS 0.30b 0.05b 6.11a 0.81c 90.71a 354.34a

图3

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片OJIP标准化曲线的影响（2021）

图4

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片瞬态荧光初始斜率（Mo）的影响（2021）

图5

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻供/受体侧性能指数的影响（2021）

图6

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻能量分配比率的影响（2021）

图7

苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片PIABS的影响（2021）

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