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作物杂志,2024, 第3期: 1–7 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.03.001

• 专题综述 •    下一篇

水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的研究及应用进展

陈洛1(), 朱稳1, 李雯慧2, 赵均良2, 周玲艳1(), 杨武2()   

  1. 1仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院，510225，广东广州
    2广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种实验室（部省共建），510640，广东广州
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-09 修回日期:2023-05-01 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨武，研究方向为水稻分子育种，E-mail：yangwu@gdaas.cn；周玲艳，研究方向为植物生物技术，E-mail：lingyanzh@163.com
  • 作者简介:陈洛，研究方向为水稻稻米品质，E-mail：13229416940@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）(R2023PY-JX001);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）(R2021PY-QF002);广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室(2020B1212060047)

Advances in Research and Application of Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes

Chen Luo1(), Zhu Wen1, Li Wenhui2, Zhao Junliang2, Zhou Lingyan1(), Yang Wu2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225,Guangdong, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding / Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2023-03-09 Revised:2023-05-01 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

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摘要：

水稻是最重要的粮食作物之一。由革兰氏阴性菌黄单胞杆菌水稻致病变种（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae，Xoo）引发的水稻白叶枯病是最古老和严重危害水稻安全生产的一种细菌性病害，具有突变性强、传播快和分布广等特点。发掘和鉴定新抗原，利用抗性基因培育抗病品种是防治白叶枯病的有效途径。截至目前，已有49个水稻白叶枯病抗性基因被鉴定，其中42个抗性基因已被定位，包括28个显性基因和14个隐性基因，17个抗性基因已被成功克隆。这些抗性基因的表达与否、或与病原菌表达蛋白的互作是产生抗性的关键。本文对水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的研究和育种应用进展进行了综述，并提出展望，为水稻抗白叶枯病的研究和分子育种提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 白叶枯病, 抗性基因, 分子育种

Abstract:

Rice is one of the most important food crops. Rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the oldest and most serious bacterial diseases that endangers the safe production of rice. The Xoo, which has the characteristics of strong mutability, rapid spread and wide distribution. It is an effective way to control bacterial blight by discovering and identifying resistance genes and breeding resistant varieties with them. Up to now, 49 resistance genes related to rice bacterial blight have been identified, among which 42 resistance genes have been located, including 28 dominant genes and 14 recessive genes. 17 resistance genes have been successfully cloned. The expression of resistance genes or interactions between resistance genes and proteins expressed by pathogen is the key to induce resistance. In this paper, the research and breeding application progress of rice bacterial blight resistance genes were reviewed and prospects. The aim of this paper is to provide valuable information for the further study and molecular breeding of rice bacterial blight.

Key words: Rice, Bacterial blight, Resistance gene, Molecular breeding

表1

已克隆和进行功能研究的白叶枯病抗性基因

基因
Gene		 显/隐性
Dominance(+)/recessive(-)		 染色体
Chromosome		 基因座
Gene locus		 功能特点
Function characteristic		 参考文献
Reference
Xa1
 +
 4
 LOC_Os04g53120
 Xa1是NBS-LRR类成员，在病原体和伤口接种下被诱导表达 [6]
Xa2 + 4 LOC_Os04g53120 Xa2、Xa14、Xa31(t)、Xa45(t)均是Xa1的等位基因，能被任一典型结构的TALE激活抗性（ETI）并被iTALE所抑制（ETS）

 [5]



Xa14 + 4 LOC_Os04g53120
Xa31(t) + 4 LOC_Os04g53120
Xa45(t) + 4 LOC_Os04g53120
Xa3/Xa26

 +

 11

 LOC_Os11g47000

 Xa3/Xa26是组成型表达基因，编码LRR受体激酶蛋白，抗病Xa3/Xa26和感病xa3/xa26蛋白序列的差异导致了抗性的差异 [7]

Xa4
 +
 11
 LOC_Os11g47140
 Xa4编码细胞壁相关激酶，通过加强细胞壁增加机械强度并降低植株高度 [8]
xa5

 -

 5

 LOC_Os05g01710

 xa5编码一个真核生物转录因子ⅡA伽马亚基（TFⅡAγ），抗病xa5与感病Xa5的蛋白序列存在1个氨基酸变异是导致抗性差异的原因 [9]

Xa7

 +

 6

 日本晴中缺失该基因位点，镇恢084的6号染色体上M10标记左侧28 kb内的G1基因即Xa7 Xa7受AvrXa7和PthXo3效应子诱导表达，进而产生抗性
 [10]

Xa10

 +

 11

 LOC_Os11g37570

 Xa10启动子区域含有特异激活Xa10表达的AvrXa10结合元件，Xa10表达导致细胞程序性死亡 [11]

xa13
 -
 8
 LOC_Os08g42350
 隐性xa13的启动子突变导致宿主与病原体相互作用时该基因表达下调，进而产生抗性 [12]
Xa21
 +
 11
 LOC_Os11g35500
 Xa21编码类受体激酶蛋白，与激活因子AvrXa21共同调控白叶枯病的抗性 [13]
Xa23
 +
 11
 LOC_Os11g37620
 Xa23启动子区含有AvrXa23结合元件，能够特异激活Xa23的表达，进而引发超敏反应 [14]
xa25
 -
 12
 LOC_Os12g29220
 xa25编码MtN3/saliva家族的一员，对菲律宾小种PXO339表现专抗 [15]
Xa27 + 6 LOC_Os06g39810 Xa27表达依赖于携带avrXa27的病菌侵染 [16]
xa41(t)
 -
 11
 LOC_Os11g31190
 xa41(t)启动子区18个碱基的缺失与抗性密切相关 [17]
Xa47(t)a
 +
 11
 LOC_Os11g46200
 Xa47(t)a是Xa47(t)的A基因型，编码NLR类蛋白，受病原菌诱导表达 [18]

表2

已定位的白叶枯病抗性基因

基因
Gene		 显/隐性
Dominance(+)/recessive(-)		 染色体
Chromosome		 连锁标记或位置
Linked marker or position		 候选基因
Candidate gene		 参考文献
Reference
xa8
 -
 7
 RM21044 (7.0 cM), RM21045 (9.9 cM)
 LOC_Os07g07400, LOC_Os07g07410,
LOC_Os07g07420		 [23]
Xa11 + 3 RM347 (2.0 cM), KUX11 (1.0 cM) 9个BAC克隆 [24]
Xa12 + 4 [25]
xa19 - 7 RM8262-RM6728 (0.8 cM) [26]
xa20 - 3 KIC3-33.88 (33.0 Mb), KIC3-34.06 (33.2 Mb) 34个基因 [27]
Xa22(t) + 11 R1506-M3H8 (100 kb) [28]
xa24(t) - 2 RM14222-RM14226 (0.07 cM) 16个基因 [29]
Xa25(t) + 12 NBS109 (2.5 cM), G1314 (7.3 cM) [30]
Xa29(t) + 1 C904-R596 (1.3 cM) [31]
Xa30(t) + 11 RM1341 (11.4 cM) [32]
Xa32(t) + 11 ZCK24 (0.5 cM), RM6293 (1.5 cM) [33]
xa32(t) - 12 RM20A (1.7 cM) [34]
Xa33 + 7 RMWR7.1 (0.9 cM), RMWR7.6 (1.2 cM) 8个基因 [35]
xa33(t) - 6 RM20593 [36]
xa34(t) - 1 RM10929-BGID25 (204 kb) 21个开放阅读框 [37]
Xa35(t) + 11 RM7654 (1.1 cM), RM6293 ( 0.7 cM) [38]
Xa36(t) + 11 RM224-RM2136 (4.5 cM) [39]
Xa38
 +
 4
 Oso4g53050-1
 LOC_Os04g53030, LOC_Os04g53050,
LOC_Os04g53060		 [40]
Xa39 + 11 RM26985-DM13 (0.51 cM) LOC_Os11g37759 [41]
Xa40 + 11 RM27320-ID55.WA18-5 (80 kb) LOC_Os11g46900 [42]
xa42

 -

 3

 KGC3_16.342-KGC3_16.399 (57 kb)

 LOC_Os03g28389, LOC_Os03g28400,
LOC_Os03g28420, LOC_Os03g28410,
LOC_Os03g28910		 [43]

Xa43(t) + 11 IBb27os11_14-S_BB11.ssr_9 (119 kb) LOC_Os11g46060, LOC_Os11g46100 [19]
xa44(t) - 11 #46. Os11g0689400-#5. RM27318 (120 kb) Os11g0690066, Os11g0690466 [20]
xa-45(t) - 8 IRGSP-1.0 (80 kb) 9个基因 [21]
Xa46(t) + 11 RM26981-RM26984 (65.34 kb) LOC_Os11g37540, LOC_Os11g37550 [22]
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