Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 124-128.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.05.021

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Effects of Planting Patterns on Growth, Yield and Temperature Utilization of Japonica Rice in Cold Region

Zhang Xijuan,Lai Yongcai,Meng Ying,Zhang Fengming,Tang Ao,Dong Wenjun,Leng Chunxu,Liu Youhong,Wang Qi   

  1. Cultivation and Farming Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China
  • Received:2017-04-18 Revised:2017-07-12 Online:2017-10-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Yongcai Lai

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Abstract:

The rice varieties Longjing 21 and Longdao 5 were used as materials to research the effects of dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting cultivation on growth, yield and temperature utilization of Japonica rice in cold region of China. The results revealed that the growth period of dry direct seeding and wet direct seeding were shortened and the growth stage was delayed compared with transplanting. The shorten growth period of direct seeding was mainly due to the shortening of vegetative growth period. Different cultivation methods had great difference in temperature utilization.The accumulated temperature during the whole growth period was shown as wet direct seeding < dry direct seeding < transplanting. The temperature utilization of direct seeding was decreased before jointing stage. There was little difference between direct seeding and transplanting from jointing stage to maturity stage. The difference of yield and seed setting rate between different planting methods was not significant, but the difference of grain weight, panicle number and grain number per panicle reached the extremely significant level. The panicle number and 1000-grain weight of direct seeding rice increased significantly, but the grain number per panicle was significantly decreased compared with transplanting. It is beneficial to realize stable and high yield of direct seeding rice in cold area of China by taking advantage of small and more panicle.

Key words: Cold area, Japonica rice, Planting method, Grows type, Yield, Utilization of temperature

Table 1

Effects of cultivation methods on growth stage and main growth duration days of rice"

品种
Variety		 种植
方式
Cultivation method		 出苗期
Emergence
(月/日)		 拔节期
Jointing
(月/日)		 齐穗期
Heading
(月/日)		 成熟期
Maturity
(月/日)		 全生育期Growth stage 出苗-拔节E-J 拔节-齐穗J-H 齐穗-成熟H-M
天数(d)
Days		 减少天数(d)
Days reducing		 天数(d)
Days		 减少天数(d)
Days reducing		 天数(d)
Days		 减少天数(d)
Days reducing		 天数(d)
Days		 减少天数(d)
Days reducing
龙粳21号 旱直播D 5/20 7/12 7/30 9/15 119 29 54 27 18 0 47 2
Longjing 21 湿润直播W 5/28 7/17 8/04 9/23 119 29 51 30 18 0 50 -1
插秧栽培T 4/19 7/08 7/26 9/13 148 — 81 — 18 — 49 —
龙稻5号 旱直播D 5/22 7/20 8/06 9/28 130 23 60 24 17 2 53 -3
Longdao 5 湿润直播W 5/28 7/21 8/10 9/30 126 27 55 29 23 -4 51 -1
插秧栽培T 4/19 7/11 7/30 9/18 153 — 84 — 19 — 50 —

Table 2

Effects of cultivation methods on accumulated temperature and its utilization efficiency of rice during the growth period"

品种
Variety		 种植方式
Cultivation method		 全生育期Growth stage 出苗-拔节E-J 拔节-齐穗J-H 齐穗-成熟H-M
数值(℃)
Value		 利用率(%)
Utilization efficiency		 数值(℃)
Value		 利用率(%)
Utilization
efficiency		 数值(℃)
Value		 利用率(%)
Utilization efficiency		 数值(℃)
Value		 利用率(%)
Utilization efficiency
龙粳21号Longjing 21 旱直播D 2 582.53 87.77 1 123.68 79.28 425.93 92.99 1 032.92 94.48
湿润直播W 2 572.62 87.43 1 088.16 76.77 454.81 99.29 1 029.65 94.18
插秧栽培T 2 942.48 100.00 1 417.35 100.00 458.05 100.00 1 093.25 100.00
龙稻5号Longdao 5 旱直播D 2 733.81 89.99 1 260.66 84.10 430.18 90.03 1 042.97 96.72
湿润直播W 2 660.62 87.58 1 212.60 80.89 472.30 98.85 1 002.32 92.95
插秧栽培T 3 038.07 100.00 1 499.09 100.00 477.81 100.00 1 078.29 100.00

Table 3

Analysis of variance (F-values) for grain yield and yield components of rice among cultivation methods, cultivars and years"

变异来源
Sources of variation		 自由度
df		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 结实率
Seed-setting rate		 穗数
No. of panicles		 穗粒数
No.of spikelets per panicle		 产量
Yield		 F0.05 F0.01
种植方式Cultivation methods 2.00 22.37** 0.08 28.41** 36.47** 1.42 4.46 8.65
品种Variety 1.00 297.50** 1.64 0.97 8.71* 46.67** 5.99 13.75
年份Years 1.00 9.33* 3.16 4.62 13.84** 0.13 5.99 13.75
种植方式×品种C×V 2.00 0.42 1.33 1.21 1.01 0.41 5.14 10.92
种植方式×年份C×Y 2.00 11.17** 1.63 1.27 0.25 0.79 5.14 10.92

Table 4

Effects of cultivation methods on yield and yield components of rice"

品种
Variety		 年份
Years		 种植方式
Cultivation
methods		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain
weight		 结实率(%)
Seed-setting
rate		 穗数(穗/m2)
No. of panicles		 穗粒数
No.of spikelets
per panicle		 产量Yield
(t/hm2)
龙粳21号Longjing 21 2015 旱直播D 29.62±0.16Aa 97.40±1.01Aa 613.33±41.63Aa 80.43±3.46Ab 7.77±0.31Aa
湿润直播W 28.39±0.44Ab 97.17±1.29Aa 600.00±43.59Aab 83.83±4.03Aab 7.90±0.53Aa
插秧栽培T 28.10±0.48Ab 96.98±1.68Aa 523.33±15.28Ab 92.40±5.99Aa 7.57±0.21Aa
2016 旱直播D 28.93±0.62Aa 97.04±1.04Aa 602.54±21.92Aab 92.53±3.33ABb 8.30±0.72Aa
湿润直播W 28.46±0.12Aab 94.99±2.46Aa 615.40±41.72Aa 87.67±1.17Bb 7.89±0.57Aa
插秧栽培T 27.86±0.16Ab 97.00±0.37Aa 529.17±25.18Ab 98.67±1.17Aa 8.15±0.58Aa
龙稻5号Longdao 5 2015 旱直播D 26.09±0.81Aa 95.22±2.85Aa 626.67±20.82Aa 88.40±2.71Ab 9.30±0.31Aa
湿润直播W 25.50±0.71Aa 97.12±0.69Aa 613.33±25.17Aa 87.03±4.42Ab 9.03±0.72Aa
插秧栽培T 26.32±0.27Aa 97.43±0.68Aa 550.00±10.00Bb 100.60±6.99Aa 9.17±0.35Aa
2016 旱直播D 27.43±0.59Aa 96.32±0.83Aa 615.36±48.03Aa 87.90±2.86Bb 9.33±0.25Aa
湿润直播W 24.16±0.71Bb 95.97±2.11Aa 569.64±56.48Aa 91.07±2.06Bb 8.61±0.53Aa
插秧栽培T 24.03±0.36Bb 94.73±0.89Aa 436.04±43.70Bb 102.3±2.33Aa 8.78±0.28Aa
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