Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 149-155.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.05.025

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Effects of Commonly Used Herbicides on Physiological, Biochemical and Yield Quality of Sorghum

Ding Chao1,Zhang Jianhua2,Bai Wenbin2,Guo Ruifeng2,Cao Changlin2   

  1. 1Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030600,Shanxi,China
    2Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinzhong 030600,Shanxi,China
  • Received:2017-05-02 Revised:2017-07-26 Online:2017-10-15 Published:2018-08-26
  • Contact: Jianhua Zhang

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Abstract:

The effect of different doses of three kinds of commonly used herbicides on sorghum physiological, biochemical and production quality were studied in this paper. The results showed that the ranking of influence of herbicides on plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum was 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC>56% methoxone DP> 50% quinclorac WP 30 days after the application. Low and medium dose of herbicides promoted plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum, but high dose of herbicides inhibited their growth. The effects on SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate decreased, POD, SOD enzyme activity and MDA content increased, with the maximum after application 5 days but it was basically relieved after application 20 days. In addition to high dose of 56% methoxone DP and 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC, the rest of treatment increased sorghum yield, but did not affect the grain protein, fat, starch and tannin content. The highest security dose of three kinds of herbicides were 750g/hm 2, 1 800g/hm2 and 1 050mL/hm2 respectively.

Key words: Sorghum, Herbicides, Physiological biochemistry, Yield, Quality

Table 1

The apply dose of herbicide"

除草剂
Herbicide		 低剂量
Low dose		 中剂量
Medium dose		 高剂量
High dose
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂
50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2)		 600 750 900
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂
56% methoxone DP (g/hm2)		 1 500 1 800 2 250
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油 (mL/hm2)
57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC		 750 1 050 1 650
清水Water (CK) - - -

Table 2

Effects of herbicides on the plant height, stem diameter and unfold leaf in sorghum"

除草剂Herbicide 剂量Dose 株高Plant height (cm) 茎粗Stem diameter (cm) 展开叶数量Unfold leaf (片)
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2) 600 65.18±1.06bcd 1.20±0.25cde 6.33±0.58bc
750 66.77±1.09bcd 1.42±0.33bc 6.33±0.58bc
900 63.94±1.72de 1.03±0.17def 5.67±0.58c
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm2) 1 500 65.88±1.05bcd 1.23±0.08cd 6.33±0.58bc
1 800 68.20±1.23ab 1.67±0.10ab 7.67±0.58a
2 250 61.25±2.87ef 0.84±0.21ef 4.67±0.58d
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm2) 750 67.35±0.97abc 1.58±0.11ab 7.67±0.58a
1 050 70.45±2.33a 1.83±0.18a 7.67±0.58a
1 650 59.21±2.83f 0.72±0.19f 4.00±0d
对照CK - 65.00±1.76de 1.12±0.40cde 6.00±0bc

Table 3

SPAD values of sorghum leaves at different times after herbicide treatment"

除草剂Herbicide 剂量
Dose		 叶绿素相对含量SPAD
1d 5d 10d 20d
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2) 600 44.11±1.34abc 42.52±1.04bc 50.67±1.01bc 59.50±1.69ef
750 42.68±0.92cdef 40.48±1.55c 47.24±0.88d 63.07±0.75bc
900 41.51±0.94def 36.10±1.04d 44.04±1.38e 58.37±0.99f
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm2) 1 500 44.49±1.29abc 42.88±1.11b 52.05±0.94b 60.32±0.82def
1 800 43.14±0.97bcde 40.78±1.57c 49.97±0.71c 64.48±1.06ab
2 250 41.12±1.38ef 32.27±1.86e 38.62±0.62f 55.38±0.61g
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm2) 750 44.88±1.59ab 43.35±1.36b 53.85±1.02a 61.78±1.75cd
1 050 43.51±0.66abcd 42.18±1.10bc 50.89±0.92bc 66.18±1.22a
1 650 40.77±1.62f 30.07±0.75f 38.63±1.62f 53.41±1.48g
对照CK - 45.17±0.74a 48.61±0.20a 55.26±0.76a 61.28±1.00cde

Table 4

Effects of herbicides on net photosynthetic rate in sorghum"

除草剂
Herbicide		 剂量
Dose		 净光合速率Pn [μmolCO2/(m2·s)]
1d 5d 10d 20d
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2) 600 29.47±0.29abc 27.02±0.54bcd 33.80±0.61abc 39.88±1.05cd
750 28.32±0.89cd 25.53±1.30de 32.17±1.53cd 42.25±1.00b
900 27.33±0.63de 24.09±0.64e 30.68±1.04d 38.88±0.85de
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm2) 1 500 29.68±0.91ab 27.96±0.91bc 34.11±0.64ab 40.89±0.87bc
1 800 28.88±0.94bc 26.43±1.22 cd 33.00±0.74 bc 43.80±0.57a
2 250 27.19±0.80de 21.94±1.12f 25.75±1.03e 37.97±0.88ef
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm2) 750 29.99±0.28ab 28.04±0.85b 34.50±1.09ab 41.75±0.85b
1 050 28.97±0.03abc 27.78±0.05bc 33.88±0.65abc 44.76±0.93a
1 650 27.03±0.53e 20.02±0.90g 24.78±1.93e 36.58±0.54f
对照CK - 30.13±1.07a 32.39±1.16a 35.44±0.73a 41.84±0.89d

Fig.1

Effects of herbicides on POD activity in sorghum leaves"

Fig.2

Effects of herbicides on SOD activity in sorghum leaves"

Fig.3

Effects of herbicides on MDA content in sorghum"

Table 5

Herbicides weed control effect and effects of herbicides on sorghum yield and its components"

除草剂
Herbicide		 剂量
Dose		 杂草防效(%)
Weed control
effect		 穗长(cm)
Ear length		 一级枝梗数(个)
Primary branch
number		 千粒重(g)
Thousand seed
weight		 平均产量
(kg/hm2)
Yield
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂 600 80.69±0.82e 26.90±0.22ab 72.00±0.15abcd 24.20±0.40d 8 759.25±167.76ab
50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2) 750 86.09±1.14d 27.10±0.11ab 77.70±0.21ab 25.00±0.33bc 9 137.25±56.00a
900 88.80±1.55c 26.60±0.09 abc 71.30±0.23abcd 24.58±0.49d 8 690.15±64.22abc
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂(g/hm2) 1 500 82.01±1.89e 26.90±0.41ab 75.00±0.44abc 24.35±0.38d 8 922.00±88.35ab
56% methoxone DP 1 800 87.47±1.22c 27.20±0.08a 79.30±0.58a 25.25±0.23b 9 293.18±69.69a
2 250 89.36±0.80bc 26.60±0.14 abc 71.30±1.25 abcd 21.33±0.25e 7 356.25±94.81cd
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油(mL/hm2) 750 84.87±1.31d 27.00±0.16a 77.00±0.89a 24.50±0.18cd 9 046.80±110.89ab
57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC 1 050 91.06±0.94b 27.30±0.04a 79.30±1.01a 26.25±0.36a 9 535.05±107.32a
1 650 93.29±1.04a 26.10±0.20bc 67.30±0.99 bcd 20.75±0.57e 7 114.95±109.64d
对照CK - - 26.60±0.13abc 70.30±1.25abcd 24.50±0.26cd 7 672.50±142.84bcd

Table 6

Effects of herbicides on the quality of sorghum %"

除草剂Herbicide 剂量
Dose		 蛋白质含量
Protein content		 脂肪含量
Fat content		 淀粉含量
Starch content		 单宁含量
Tannin content
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm2) 600 11.30±0.10a 4.28±0.05a 72.57±0.25a 1.87±0.07a
750 11.43±0.38a 4.23±0.08a 72.50±0.35a 1.88±0.08a
900 11.37±0.06a 4.26±0.14a 72.50±0.61a 1.87±0.07a
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm2) 1 500 11.33±0.12a 4.40±0.06a 72.53±0.35a 1.86±0.11a
1 800 11.40±0.26a 4.25±0.10a 72.93±0.67a 1.84±0.03a
2 250 11.37±0.12a 4.24±0.02a 72.53±0.35a 1.83±0.08a
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm2) 750 11.30±0.10a 4.23±0.08a 72.63±0.31a 1.86±0.11a
1 050 11.57±0.42a 4.42±0.39a 72.87±0.06a 1.89±0.08a
1 650 11.37±0.06a 4.34±0.02a 72.37±0.55a 1.84±0.10a
对照CK - 11.27±0.15a 4.22±0.05a 72.47±0.55a 1.80±0.09a
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