Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 211-217.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.03.031

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Effects of Different Rotation Tillage Methods and Biochar on Soil Enzyme Activity, Soil Nutrients and Yield of Wheat and Maize

Guo Shuya(), Shang Shang, Tang Qining, Zhang Yan, Lu Guangyuan()   

  1. Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-01-14 Revised:2022-03-30 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Lu Guangyuan E-mail:shuyaguo@163.com;lugy378@163.com

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Abstract:

The effects of different rotation tillage methods and biochar on soil enzyme activity, nutrient and yield in the Eastern Henan Plain were studied, aiming to select suitable tillage and fertilization system. Field experiments of three years were carried out with wheat rotary tillage and maize no tillage+no biochar (RB0) as the control, the three kinds of biochar dosage (B1: 2.5t/ha, B2: 5.0t/ha, B3: 7.5t/ha) and two rotation tillage methods (R: wheat rotary tillage and maize no tillage, D: wheat deep plowing and maize no tillage) were set. The results revealed that different treatments could considerably improve the level of soil organic carbon, accessible nutrients and soil enzyme activity in the 0-20cm soil layer compared to RB0 treatment. Biochar application improved the levels of soil organic carbon, accessible nutrients, and soil enzyme activity under varied rotation tillage, with RB3 and DB3 having the best treatment effect. In 20-40cm soil layer, the treatment of wheat deep plowing and maize no tillage significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon, available nutrients and soil enzyme activity, and DB3 treatment had the best effect. Compared with 2020, except soil alkaline phosphatase, different treatments in 2021 increased soil organic carbon, available nutrient content, urease and invertase activities to varying degrees. Different treatments could significantly increase wheat and maize yields, with the increase rates of 6.02%-17.52% and 5.07%-11.02% in 2020, and 7.01%-20.87% and 6.53%-18.13% in 2021. DB3 treatment had the highest yield, significantly higher than other treatments.

Key words: Rotation tillage, Biochar, Soil enzyme activity, Soil nutrients, Yield

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on soil organic carbon content g/kg"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
0~20cm 20~40cm 0~20cm 20~40cm
RB0 9.60d 5.07d 9.55c 5.11d
RB1 10.28c 5.78c 10.86b 5.71c
RB2 10.37c 5.62c 11.67a 5.60c
RB3 11.09b 5.63c 12.04a 5.89c
DB1 10.29c 5.66c 10.86b 5.93c
DB2 10.48c 6.18b 11.73a 6.74b
DB3 11.65a 6.70a 11.94a 7.28a
方差分析Analysis of variance
轮耕方式
Rotation tillage		 * ** ns **
生物炭Biochar ** ** ** **
轮耕方式×生物炭
Rotation tillage×biochar		 * ** ns **

Fig.1

Effects of different treatments on soil available nutrient contents Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig.2

Effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities"

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on wheat and maize yield kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 2020 2021
小麦
Wheat		 玉米
Maize		 小麦
Wheat		 玉米
Maize
RB0 6924.51d 8258.74d 6974.16e 8298.37e
RB1 7341.63c 8476.23c 7463.82d 8627.26d
RB2 7528.38c 8578.51bc 7714.93cd 8846.39cd
RB3 7819.62b 8913.67a 7973.28bc 9157.72bc
DB1 7538.28c 8512.41c 7782.35cd 8869.47cd
DB2 7892.49ab 8879.34ab 8172.41ab 9238.16b
DB3 8137.72a 8946.83a 8429.56a 9566.54a
方差分析Analysis of variance
耕作方式
Rotation tillage		 ** * ** **
生物炭Biochar ** ** ** **
轮耕方式×生物炭
Rotation tillage×biochar		 ns ns ns ns

Table 3

Correlation analysis of indicators in different treatments"

项目
Item		 有机碳
Organic
carbon		 碱解氮
Alkali hydrolyzed
nitrogen		 速效磷
Available
phosphorus		 速效钾
Available
potassium		 脲酶
Urease		 蔗糖酶
Sucrase		 碱性磷酸酶
Alkaline
phosphatase		 小麦产量
Wheat
yield		 玉米产量
Maize
yield
有机碳Organic carbon 1
碱解氮Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen 0.90** 1
速效磷Available phosphorus 0.94** 0.98** 1
速效钾Available potassium 0.93** 0.98** 1.00** 1
脲酶Urease 0.94** 0.93** 0.98** 0.98** 1
蔗糖酶Sucrase 0.90** 0.98** 0.99** 0.99** 0.97** 1
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase 0.93** 0.97** 0.99** 0.99** 0.98** 0.99** 1
小麦产量Wheat yield 0.92** 0.82* 0.81* 0.81* 0.79* 0.75* 0.79* 1
玉米产量Maize yield 0.92** 0.79* 0.81* 0.81* 0.81* 0.75* 0.79* 0.99** 1
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