Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 77-86.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.02.011

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Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Models on Root Growth and Grain Yield of Japonica Rice in the Region along Yellow River of Henan Province

Fu Jing1(), Yin Haiqing1(), Wang Ya1, Yang Wenbo1, Zhang Zhen2, Bai Tao1, Wang Yuetao1, Wang Fuhua1, Wang Shengxuan1   

  1. 1Cereal Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Henan Province Agricultural Science and Technology Exhibition Hall, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-05-19 Revised:2020-11-05 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-16
  • Contact: Yin Haiqing E-mail:fujing8210@sina.cn;yinhq98@163.com

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Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of nitrogen topdressing models on root morphology and physiological characteristics and grain yield of japonica rice varieties Zhengdao 19 and Zhengdao 20 in the region along the Yellow River. Four nitrogen fertilizer topdressing models were set after jointing stage of rice. The ratio of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, flower promoting fertilizer, flower preserving fertilizer and grain fertilizer were applied in the ratio of 6:4:0:0 (T1), 6:0:4:0 (T2), 6:2:2:0 (T3), 6:0:2:2 (T4) and applying the same amount of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, and no nitrogen application (T0) after jointing as a control. The results showed that Zhengdao 19 and Zhengdao 20 had no significant changes in number of panicles, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, while spikelets per panicle and grain yield of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and showed T3 > T1 > T2 > T4 > T0. At the same time, the root volume, root dry weight, total root absorption surface area per plant, root active absorption surface area per plant, and shoot dry matter of the two rice varieties at the full heading stage and after full heading stage to maturity stage under T3 treatment were the highest, and the root oxidation activity, indole acetic acid content, and zeatin + zeatin nucleoside content were the highest under T3 treatment. It showed that the appropriate nitrogen topdressing (flower-promoting fertilizer, flower-preserving fertilizer) after jointing stage of rice could promote root growth at the middle and late stages, maintained high physiological activity of the root system, delayed root degeneration and senescence and was beneficial to high yield of rice.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen topdressing models, Yield, Root morphological, Physiological characteristics

Table 1

Nitrogen topdressing models in the middle and late growth period kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tillering fertilizer		 促花肥
Flower promoting fertilizer		 保花肥
Flower preserving fertilizer		 粒肥
Grain fertilizer		 总施用量
Total application amount
T0 108 54 0 0 0 162
T1 108 54 108 0 0 270
T2 108 54 0 108 0 270
T3 108 54 54 54 0 270
T4 108 54 0 54 54 270

Fig.1

Dynamic changes of root volume under different nitrogen topdressing models Different letters indicate significance at 0.05 level. The same below"

Fig.2

Dynamic changes of root dry weight under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.3

Dynamic changes of shoot dry weight under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.4

Dynamic changes of root/shoot ratio under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.5

Dynamic changes of root oxidation activity under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.6

Dynamic changes of root IAA content under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.7

Dynamic changes of root Z+ZR content under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.8

Dynamic changes of total root absorption area per plant under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Fig.9

Dynamic changes of root active absorption area per plant under different nitrogen topdressing models"

Table 2

The grain yield and yield components under different nitrogen topdressing models"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Number of panicles (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (t/hm2)
郑稻19 T0 342.8a 108.1c 89.7a 25.1a 8.34f
Zhengdao19 T1 345.4a 132.4a 86.1ab 24.7a 9.73b
T2 344.3a 123.7b 88.3a 25.3a 9.51c
T3 347.6a 135.8a 87.6a 24.9a 10.30a
T4 343.9a 121.6b 87.9a 25.2a 9.26d
郑稻20 T0 341.7a 106.4c 86.4ab 24.8a 7.79g
Zhengdao20 T1 344.6a 130.2a 85.7ab 24.6a 9.46c
T2 343.8a 122.7b 86.1ab 25.1a 9.12d
T3 344.8a 134.7a 85.3ab 24.8a 9.83b
T4 342.8a 120.8b 84.2b 25.2a 8.79e
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