Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 46-53.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.006

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Breeding Strategy and Introgression Analysis on a Ultra-Early-Maturing Hybrid Rice

Lei Xiangliang1,2(), Fang Jun3, Yuan Xiaoquan2, Li Dan2, Liu Shijie2, Zhan Jingyun2, Huang Zhihua2, Peng Jinjian2, Jiang Shaomei4(), Zeng Xiaochun1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
    2Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, China
    3Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
    4College of Statistics and Data Science, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-10-17 Revised:2023-11-20 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

This article proposes a new strategy, using local early rice varieties (parents) hybridized with japonica introgression lines, and has created ultra-early-maturing and high-yielding hybrid early rice (HER). This is the first report in HER for utilizing the heterosis genus between indica and japonica subspecies. Using Xiangling 628S (XL628S) and Zhongzao39 as improved parents, hybridized with the japonica rice introgression materials, two lines of male sterile line Z01S and restorer line R1102 were bred through systematic breeding methods. The results showed that, Z01S and R1102 exhibited early heading and strong temperature sensitivity under long day and short day conditions. In addition, the new combination CZY1102 (Z01S/R1102) showed strong tillering ability, high yield, excellent rice quality, good cold-tolerance, and early heading. Compared with Zhongzao39, its period of heading date was as short as 47-73 days, which was 6.40 days shorter in spring and 11.30 days shorter in autumn. The actual yield during the main season was 8187.60 kg/ha, which were not significantly reduced compared to Zhongzao39. The proportion of japonica genotypes in Z01S and R1102 were increased by 0.78% and 6.34%, respectively, compared to their original parents. This indicates that the breeding strategy is feasible, and the japonica introgression can effectively overcome physiological barriers among subspecies.

Key words: Early hybrid rice, Early heading, Japonica introgression, Subspecies, Breeding

Fig.1

Comparison of phenotypes between XL628S and Z01S (a)Single plant phenotype; (b) Main panicle shape."

Table 1

Comparison of agronomic traits between XL628S and Z01S in the summer of 2023"

农艺性状Agronomic trait XL628S Z01S
播始历期Days to flowering (d) 57.00±1.20 48.00±1.23**
株高Plant height (cm) 69.00±0.73 53.90±0.99**
分蘖数Tillers number 11.00±0.89 20.00±1.38**
穗粒数Grains per panicle 161.47±4.49 121.79±3.77**
剑叶长Length of flag leaf (cm) 28.94±1.20 20.98±0.57**
穗长Length of panicle (cm) 21.61±0.17 18.14±0.22**
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 23.36±0.29 22.76±0.09
长宽比Length-width ratio 3.14±0.04 3.22±0.01

Fig.2

Comparison of heading date of sterile lines XL628S, Z01S, two restorer lines and F1 (a) Sowing on March 17, 2023; (b) Sowing on July 10, 2023; (c) Phenotypes of Z01S, R1102, and CZY1102 in field, CZY1102 heading six days earlier than R1102 (taken on June 12)."

Fig.3

Comparison of phenotype between early maturing restorer line R1102 and Zhongzao39 (a) Single plant; (b) R1102 field population; (c) Main panicle shape; (d) Rice appearance; (e) Grain shape."

Table 2

Comparison of agronomic traits between early maturing restorer line R1102 and Zhongzao39"

农艺性状Agronomic trait Zhongzao39 R1102
株高Plant height (cm) 94.10±0.73 80.06±1.06**
有效穗数Effective panicle number 8.30±0.42 9.03±0.63
穗粒数Grains per panicle 204.83±6.83 158.99±6.63**
结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 87.46±0.01 85.07±0.01
长宽比Length-width ratio 2.26±0.00 2.09±0.00**
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 24.99±0.08 26.90±0.21**
理论产量Theoretical yield (kg/hm2) 9241.05 7912.50
理论产量增幅
Theoretical yield increase (%)		 －
 -14.37

Fig.4

Comparison of genotype between early maturing restorer line R1102 and Zhongzao39"

Table 3

Comparison of homozygosity ratio, genetic similarity and genomic identity of R1102 with Zhongzao39 %"

材料
Material		 纯合度
Homozygosity ratio		 遗传相似度
Genetic similarity		 基因组相似度
Genomic identity
Zhongzao39 99.94 － －
R1102 99.12 87.26 71.45

Table 4

Dates of sowing and transplanting of R1102 and Zhongzao39 during 2022-2023"

项目Item 2022HN 2023FZ01 2023FZ02 2023FZ03
日期Date 播种 11-20 03-17 06-11 07-10
移栽 12-06 04-15 06-28 07-28
秧龄Seedling age (d) 17 33 17 18

Fig.5

Comparison of heading stage between R1102 and Zhongzao39 at sowing dates"

Table 5

Differences analysis of agronomic traits between CZY1102 and Zhongzao39"

农艺性状Agronomic trait Zhongzao39 CZY1102
株高Plant height (cm) 94.10±0.72 79.35±0.39**
播始历期Days to flowering (d) 78.50±0.50 72.10±0.10**
有效穗数Efficient panicle number 8.30±0.42 12.80±0.65**
穗粒数Grains per panicle 204.84±6.83 133.88±5.78**
结实率Seed-setting rate (%) 87.46±0.01 85.23±0.02
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 24.99±0.12 24.52±0.17*
长宽比Length-width ratio 2.24±0.00 2.71±0.01**
单株粒重
Weight of seeds per plant (g)		 34.28±2.52
 32.74±1.97
产量Yield (kg/hm2) 8571.15±39.82 8187.60±31.17
实际产量增幅
Actual yield increase (%)		 －
 -4.48

Fig.6

Difference analysis of heading date and rice quality between CZY1102 and Zhongzao39 in 2023 (a) Single plant; (b) Population in spring; (c) Difference of heading date between spring and autumn in 2023; (d)-(e) Population in autumn; (f) Grains."

Table 6

Quality analysis of grains from CZY1102, R1102 and Zhongzao39"

质量指标Quality index Zhongzao 39 CZY1102 R1102
糙米率Brown rice recovery (%) 80.92 81.35 82.20
精米率Head rice rate (%) 66.84 67.96 67.70
整精米率Perfect head rice rate (%) 62.23 60.55 61.50
米粒长Rice length (mm) 5.25 5.87 5.30
长宽比Length-width ratio 1.96 2.47 1.90
垩白粒率Chalky grain rate (%) 70.0 56.0 89.0
垩白度Chalkiness degree (%) 18.6 12.5 27.2
直链淀粉Amylose (%) 26.0 22.3 26.8
胶稠度Gel consistency (mm) 60.0 57.0 30.0
碱消值级
Level of alkali spreading value		 4.5 5.0 6.6
透明度级Transparency level 2 1 3
水分Moisture (%) 12.30 12.47 12.20

Fig.7

SNP testing analysis of typical varieties (lines) indica and japonica rice"

Table 7

Classification of seven rice varieties (lines) by indica and japonica"

品种（系）
Variety (line)		 总区段数
Total		 区段数Section number 籼型比例
Indica rate (%)		 粳型比例
Japonica rate (%)
籼型区Indica 粳型区Japonica 不能判断区Undeterminable
XL628S 1798 1281 212 305 71.25 11.79
Z01S 1798 1356 226 216 75.42 12.57
Zhongzao39 1798 1447 168 183 80.48 9.34
R1102 1798 1289 282 227 71.69 15.68
Nipponbare 1798 5 1781 12 0.28 99.05
Balilla 1798 0 1798 0 0.00 100.00
NJ11 1798 1545 104 149 85.93 5.78

Table 8

Difference analysis of chilling tolerance of four rice materials treated at 10 ℃ during seedling stage"

指标Index Zhongzao39 Z01S R1102 CZY1102
活苗率
Live seedlings
rate (%)		 10.67±2.01 54.67±5.18** 28.00±1.67** 47.33±2.69**
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