Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 172-179.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.024

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Effects of Straw Returning with Nitrogen Application Reduction on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice in Liaohe Plain

Jin Dandan(), Sui Shijiang, Chen Yue, Li Bo, Qu Hang, Gong Liang()   

  1. Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2023-12-20 Revised:2024-05-08 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

In order to realize the rational and efficient utilization of straw nutrient resources and alleviate the ecological environment damage caused by a large number of straw discarded and incinerated, a field micro-plot experiment was carried out with conventional japonica rice “Yanfeng 47” as the material. Three straw returning methods(straw incorporation, straw mulching, no returning) and two nitrogen application levels (conventional: 260 kg/ha of pure nitrogen; nitrogen reduction: 210 kg/ha) was used to study the changes of rice yield, its components, nitrogen use efficiency and physiological and biochemical responses under straw returning and nitrogen reduction. The results showed that, under nitrogen reduction conditions, the yields of straw incorporation and straw mulching were 12.94 and 13.43 t/ha, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of conventional nitrogen application without returning to the field. The effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight under straw incorporation remained at a higher level, while the seed-setting rate was significantly decreased by 5.76% under straw mulching (P < 0.05). Under nitrogen reduction conditions, straw mulching significantly increased nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity by 52.70% and 38.28%, respectively (P < 0.05). Straw incorporation had no significant effects on nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity, but could significantly increase the glutamine synthetase activity of functional leaves at heading and filling stages, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05), so as to maintained the vigorous nitrogen metabolism capacity of rice. Considering the economic benefits, environmental effects and field operability, the scientific reduction of nitrogen fertilizer under straw incorporation has a great advantage in the utilization of rice yield potential.

Key words: Rice, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Yield, Nitrogen utilization

Table 1

Physicochemical properties of topsoil (0-20 cm) of experimental area in 2019 and 2020"

年份
Year		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total N
(g/kg)		 速效氮
Rapidly available N
(mg/kg)		 全磷
Total P
(g/kg)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg/kg)		 全钾
Total K
(g/kg)		 有效钾
Available K
(mg/kg)
2019 7.43 23.62 1.46 115.33 1.22 38.86 24.00 239.00
2020 7.41 23.35 1.42 114.43 1.18 43.89 27.34 228.33

Fig.1

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application reduction on the number of tillers on rice Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level. The same below."

Table 2

Effect of straw returning with nitrogen application reduction on aboveground biomass in rice t/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 拔节期Jointing stage 抽穗期Heading stage 成熟期Maturing stage
叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath 叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath 穗Panicle 叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath 穗Panicle
CK 1.41±0.09c 2.91±0.67c 0.71±0.04d 3.14±0.30b 6.23±0.33c
N210-N 2.78±0.40b 5.18±0.90b 1.33±0.08c 5.12±0.63a 10.75±0.49b
N210-M 3.77±0.19a 6.37±0.39ab 1.68±0.11a 5.15±0.92a 11.46±1.41ab
N210-G 3.00±0.14ab 6.29±0.38ab 1.53±0.04abc 5.82±0.44a 13.33±0.81a
N260-N 2.59±0.51b 6.76±0.23ab 1.42±0.16bc 6.40±0.96a 11.16±0.50ab
N260-M 3.79±0.59a 7.58±0.57a 1.74±0.14a 5.36±0.54a 11.70±0.09ab
N260-G 3.28±0.70ab 7.54±1.70a 1.65±0.20ab 5.08±0.64a 12.26±2.03ab

Table 3

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application reduction on rice yield and its components"

因素
Factor		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Number of efficient
panicles (×104 /hm2)		 每穗实粒数
Grain number
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
施氮量
N level (kg/hm2)

 N210 311.27±69.91 114.20±12.06 94.50±2.48 26.19±1.10b 12.60±1.22
N260 310.38±62.93 115.59±12.08 94.76±2.40 25.51±0.68b 13.57±1.26
F值 0.00ns 0.05ns 0.04ns 2.49ns 2.75ns
还田方式
Straw returning
method

 N 317.49±50.33 116.60±15.07 95.98±1.85 26.47±0.53a 11.93±1.05
M 310.82±68.66 111.14±11.73 94.38±2.87 25.81±1.24ab 13.33±0.91*
G 304.15±78.01 117.00±10.60 93.26±1.80 25.28±0.66b 14.00±1.07*
F值 0.30ns 0.36ns 2.13ns 2.84ns 6.52*
施氮量×
还田方式
N level×straw
returning
method		 N210-N 317.49±54.47 107.00±11.17 94.86±2.13* 26.92±0.16a 11.44±0.59
N210-M 317.49±47.75 105.95±13.22 96.15±1.93* 26.51±1.33ab 12.94±0.91
N210-G 293.48±65.79 124.50±2.78 91.51±0.54 25.15±0.70b 13.43±1.25
N260-N 328.16±69.23 126.20±13.72 97.10±0.48* 26.02±0.26ab 12.42±1.31
N260-M 322.83±86.85 114.60±11.95 91.74±1.48 25.11±0.77b 13.72±0.88
N260-G 285.48±65.70 109.50±10.22 94.42±1.13 25.41±0.75b 14.57±0.54*
F值 1.01ns 1.63ns 5.61* 2.93ns 3.84*

Fig.2

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application reduction on the nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice"

Table 4

Effects of straw returning with nitrogen application reduction on key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in leaves of rice at reproductive growth stages"

生育期
Growth period		 处理
Treatment		 硝酸还原酶
Nitrate reductase
[μmol/(h?g FW)]		 谷氨酰胺合成酶
Glutamine synthetase
[μmol/(h?g FW)]		 亚硝酸还原酶
Nitrite reductase
[μmol/(h?g FW)]		 谷氨酸合成酶
Glutamate synthase
[nmol/(h?g FW)]		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein
(mg/g FW)
抽穗期Heading stage CK 10.85±0.62bc 15.73±1.90c 16.01±0.89c 33.26±1.10d 47.31±3.43c
N210-N 9.35±0.42c 16.22±1.70c 17.98±1.81bc 53.74±0.80a 50.75±2.27abc
N210-M 16.13±0.96a 20.75±2.17ab 18.17±1.05abc 42.25±1.97b 54.62±3.03a
N210-G 15.76±2.45a 17.71±3.05bc 19.96±1.02ab 41.77±0.88b 46.47±2.51c
N260-N 12.99±0.00ab 16.47±1.43c 19.42±0.71ab 50.28±0.40a 48.60±2.88bc
N260-M 14.06±0.85a 16.66±1.69c 20.48±1.41a 37.45±3.01c 53.45±3.94ab
N260-G 16.12±2.68a 22.02±0.79a 17.69±1.53bc 33.81±0.98d 52.09±1.91abc
灌浆期Filling stage CK 11.36±0.64a 7.61±0.72d 16.89±0.70a 18.55±0.63e 83.58±2.96cd
N210-N 12.06±0.08a 8.81±0.84cd 16.95±0.81a 20.42±0.64de 84.60±3.53bcd
N210-M 12.43±1.25a 12.30±0.37a 14.33±0.72cd 26.81±1.33d 89.98±3.98b
N210-G 12.07±0.29a 10.71±0.90ab 14.59±0.66c 29.38±0.42c 87.89±0.83bc
N260-N 11.72±0.46a 9.65±1.64bc 16.53±0.23ab 22.93±1.25d 87.72±0.10bc
N260-M 11.78±0.07a 12.45±0.80a 15.44±0.27bc 53.60±3.45a 97.27±2.35a
N260-G 12.25±0.37a 11.96±0.59a 13.21±0.81d 48.23±1.31b 80.31±1.30d
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