秸秆还田下氮肥减量对辽河平原水稻产量及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.024

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to realize the rational and efficient utilization of straw nutrient resources and alleviate the ecological environment damage caused by a large number of straw discarded and incinerated, a field micro-plot experiment was carried out with conventional japonica rice “Yanfeng 47” as the material. Three straw returning methods(straw incorporation, straw mulching, no returning) and two nitrogen application levels (conventional: 260 kg/ha of pure nitrogen; nitrogen reduction: 210 kg/ha) was used to study the changes of rice yield, its components, nitrogen use efficiency and physiological and biochemical responses under straw returning and nitrogen reduction. The results showed that, under nitrogen reduction conditions, the yields of straw incorporation and straw mulching were 12.94 and 13.43 t/ha, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of conventional nitrogen application without returning to the field. The effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight under straw incorporation remained at a higher level, while the seed-setting rate was significantly decreased by 5.76% under straw mulching (P < 0.05). Under nitrogen reduction conditions, straw mulching significantly increased nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity by 52.70% and 38.28%, respectively (P < 0.05). Straw incorporation had no significant effects on nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen partial productivity, but could significantly increase the glutamine synthetase activity of functional leaves at heading and filling stages, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05), so as to maintained the vigorous nitrogen metabolism capacity of rice. Considering the economic benefits, environmental effects and field operability, the scientific reduction of nitrogen fertilizer under straw incorporation has a great advantage in the utilization of rice yield potential.

Key words: Rice, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer reduction, Yield, Nitrogen utilization

Jin Dandan, Sui Shijiang, Chen Yue, Li Bo, Qu Hang, Gong Liang. Effects of Straw Returning with Nitrogen Application Reduction on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice in Liaohe Plain[J].Crops, 2025, 41(2): 172-179.

Figures/Tables 6

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年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	速效氮 Rapidly available N (mg/kg)	全磷 Total P (g/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	全钾 Total K (g/kg)	有效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
2019	7.43	23.62	1.46	115.33	1.22	38.86	24.00	239.00
2020	7.41	23.35	1.42	114.43	1.18	43.89	27.34	228.33

处理 Treatment	拔节期Jointing stage	抽穗期Heading stage		成熟期Maturing stage
处理 Treatment	叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath	叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath	穗Panicle	叶片+茎鞘Leaf+stem-sheath	穗Panicle
CK	1.41±0.09c	2.91±0.67c	0.71±0.04d	3.14±0.30b	6.23±0.33c
N210-N	2.78±0.40b	5.18±0.90b	1.33±0.08c	5.12±0.63a	10.75±0.49b
N210-M	3.77±0.19a	6.37±0.39ab	1.68±0.11a	5.15±0.92a	11.46±1.41ab
N210-G	3.00±0.14ab	6.29±0.38ab	1.53±0.04abc	5.82±0.44a	13.33±0.81a
N260-N	2.59±0.51b	6.76±0.23ab	1.42±0.16bc	6.40±0.96a	11.16±0.50ab
N260-M	3.79±0.59a	7.58±0.57a	1.74±0.14a	5.36±0.54a	11.70±0.09ab
N260-G	3.28±0.70ab	7.54±1.70a	1.65±0.20ab	5.08±0.64a	12.26±2.03ab

因素 Factor	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Number of efficient panicles (×10⁴ /hm²)	每穗实粒数 Grain number per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (t/hm²)
施氮量 N level (kg/hm²)	N210	311.27±69.91	114.20±12.06	94.50±2.48	26.19±1.10b	12.60±1.22
	N260	310.38±62.93	115.59±12.08	94.76±2.40	25.51±0.68b	13.57±1.26
	F值	0.00ns	0.05ns	0.04ns	2.49ns	2.75ns
还田方式 Straw returning method	N	317.49±50.33	116.60±15.07	95.98±1.85	26.47±0.53a	11.93±1.05
	M	310.82±68.66	111.14±11.73	94.38±2.87	25.81±1.24ab	13.33±0.91^*
	G	304.15±78.01	117.00±10.60	93.26±1.80	25.28±0.66b	14.00±1.07^*
	F值	0.30ns	0.36ns	2.13ns	2.84ns	6.52^*
施氮量× 还田方式 N level×straw returning method	N210-N	317.49±54.47	107.00±11.17	94.86±2.13^*	26.92±0.16a	11.44±0.59
	N210-M	317.49±47.75	105.95±13.22	96.15±1.93^*	26.51±1.33ab	12.94±0.91
	N210-G	293.48±65.79	124.50±2.78	91.51±0.54	25.15±0.70b	13.43±1.25
	N260-N	328.16±69.23	126.20±13.72	97.10±0.48^*	26.02±0.26ab	12.42±1.31
	N260-M	322.83±86.85	114.60±11.95	91.74±1.48	25.11±0.77b	13.72±0.88
	N260-G	285.48±65.70	109.50±10.22	94.42±1.13	25.41±0.75b	14.57±0.54^*
	F值	1.01ns	1.63ns	5.61^*	2.93ns	3.84^*

生育期 Growth period	处理 Treatment	硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase [μmol/(h?g FW)]	谷氨酰胺合成酶 Glutamine synthetase [μmol/(h?g FW)]	亚硝酸还原酶 Nitrite reductase [μmol/(h?g FW)]	谷氨酸合成酶 Glutamate synthase [nmol/(h?g FW)]	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g FW)
抽穗期Heading stage	CK	10.85±0.62bc	15.73±1.90c	16.01±0.89c	33.26±1.10d	47.31±3.43c
	N210-N	9.35±0.42c	16.22±1.70c	17.98±1.81bc	53.74±0.80a	50.75±2.27abc
	N210-M	16.13±0.96a	20.75±2.17ab	18.17±1.05abc	42.25±1.97b	54.62±3.03a
	N210-G	15.76±2.45a	17.71±3.05bc	19.96±1.02ab	41.77±0.88b	46.47±2.51c
	N260-N	12.99±0.00ab	16.47±1.43c	19.42±0.71ab	50.28±0.40a	48.60±2.88bc
	N260-M	14.06±0.85a	16.66±1.69c	20.48±1.41a	37.45±3.01c	53.45±3.94ab
	N260-G	16.12±2.68a	22.02±0.79a	17.69±1.53bc	33.81±0.98d	52.09±1.91abc
灌浆期Filling stage	CK	11.36±0.64a	7.61±0.72d	16.89±0.70a	18.55±0.63e	83.58±2.96cd
	N210-N	12.06±0.08a	8.81±0.84cd	16.95±0.81a	20.42±0.64de	84.60±3.53bcd
	N210-M	12.43±1.25a	12.30±0.37a	14.33±0.72cd	26.81±1.33d	89.98±3.98b
	N210-G	12.07±0.29a	10.71±0.90ab	14.59±0.66c	29.38±0.42c	87.89±0.83bc
	N260-N	11.72±0.46a	9.65±1.64bc	16.53±0.23ab	22.93±1.25d	87.72±0.10bc
	N260-M	11.78±0.07a	12.45±0.80a	15.44±0.27bc	53.60±3.45a	97.27±2.35a
	N260-G	12.25±0.37a	11.96±0.59a	13.21±0.81d	48.23±1.31b	80.31±1.30d

Effects of Straw Returning with Nitrogen Application Reduction on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice in Liaohe Plain

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