Crops ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 99-106.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.06.017

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research and Application on System of Water-Saving, Fertilizer-Saving, Pesticide-Saving and Simplified Technology of Winter Wheat in Beijing

Wang Junying1,Zhou Jihong1,Meng Fanyu1,Mao Sishuai1,Yang Jianguo2,Zhang Jinliang2,Liu Yajia3,Li Xiaolong4   

  1. 1 Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100101,China
    2 Beijing Plant Protection Station,Beijing 100000,China
    3 College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China
    4 Beijing Agricultural Test and Identification Extension Station,Beijing 100079,China
  • Received:2016-06-24 Revised:2016-10-14 Online:2016-12-15 Published:2018-08-26

RichHTML

4

PDF (PC)

185

Abstract:

According to the problems of large consumption of water and fertilizer on agriculture, of more cultivation operations, and of high cost of wheat production in Beijing, water-saving irrigation equipments such as circle sprinkler were selected. It was studied that the irrigation amount of 1 650m 3/hm 2 with sprinkler achieved high efficiency under the condition of limited irrigation. A device for fertilization used in field was developed to improve the fertilizer use efficiency. Four kinds of composite dressing agents for seed, such as Gaoqiao and Kulasi, were selected to reduce the amount of pesticide application. 2BMSF-16/8 Strip Rotary Tillage Wheat Seeder was introduced from Henan province and was transformed according to the requirements of the suburbs of Beijing to improve the efficiency of agricultural operations. Then system of water-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide -saving and simplified technology of wheat was formed, including using drought-resistant varieties, using water-saving irrigation equipments such as circle sprinkler, using the technology of water and fertilizer integration, or using slow-release compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer (or using slow-release urea as top dressing in the stage of greening) to reduce the amount of fertilizer. This technology had been applied in lager areas of the suburb fields of Beijing and achieved good results.

Key words: Winter wheat, Water-saving, Fertilizer-saving, Pesticide-saving, Simplified technology, Technology system

Table 1

Results of drought-resistant identification of wheat varieties"

品种Variety 种子萌发期Seed germination period 苗期Seedling stage 全生育期Growth period 综合抗旱指数Integrated
drought index
种子相对发芽率(%)
Relative seed
germination rate		 等级
Grade		 干旱存活率(%)
Survival rate under
drought resistance		 等级
Grade		 抗旱指数
Drought
resistance index		 等级
Grade
农大5408 Nongda 5408 16 HS 96.0 HR 0.54 HS 1.8
甘15 Gan 15 51 MR 98.0 HR 0.00 HS 2.0
京麦6 Jingmai 6 15 HS 93.3 HR 1.18 R 3.9
京麦7 Jingmai 7 66 MR 90.0 HR 1.08 MR 3.4
京麦8 Jingmai 8 69 MR 98.0 HR 0.69 HS 2.0
轮选987 Lunxuan 987 21 HS 90.7 HR 0.73 S 2.5
农大211 Nongda 211 23 HS 90.0 HR 1.26 R 3.9
农大212 Nongda 212 31 S 91.3 HR 1.22 R 4.0
农大3486 Nongda 3486 51 MR 100.0 HR 1.37 HR 4.8
农大5181 Nongda 5181 93 HR 97.3 HR 0.91 MR 3.6
中麦0818 Zhongmai 0818 37 S 69.3 R 1.13 R 3.8
中麦175 Zhongmai 175 62 MR 78.7 HR 1.00 MR 3.4

Table 2

Results of wheat yield under different irrigation methods"

处理
Treatments		 穗数(万/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 增幅(%)
Increasing rate
滴灌Drip irrigation 727.5b 30.1a 41.7a 7 761.0ab 11.4
微喷Micro-irrigation 738.0b 30.2a 41.1a 7 786.5ab 11.8
圆形喷灌Sprinkler irrigation 769.5a 30.5a 42.6a 8 499.0a 22.0
半固定式喷灌(CK) Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation 712.5b 30.1a 38.2b 6 963.0b -

Table 3

Yield and yield components under different irrigations"

试验Experiment 处理Treatments 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 减幅(%)
Reduction		 穗数(万/hm2)
Spike number		 减幅(%)
Reduction		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 减幅(%)
Reduction		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 减幅(%)
Reduction
田间Field 5水（CK） 7 528.2a - 815.9a - 28.7a - 37.9a -
4水 7 345.5a 2.4 811.2a 0.6 28.6a 0.4 37.4a 1.3
3水 7 220.0a 4.1 794.4a 2.6 28.6a 0.2 37.4a 1.3
2水 6 509.4b 13.5 727.7b 10.8 28.4ab 1.1 37.1a 1.9
1水 5 871.2c 22.0 688.4c 15.6 27.3b 4.9 36.8a 2.8
盆栽Pot 5水（CK） 6 588.5a - 657.2a - 26.8a - 37.1a -
4水 6 210.3a 5.7 649.4a 0.1 26.7a 0.0 35.8a 0.3
3水 5 539.5ab 15.9 633.8a 0.4 25.1a 0.4 35.0a 0.5
2水 4 731.3b 28.2 639.0a 0.3 23.8ab 0.7 31.2b 1.3
1水 3 566.0c 45.9 563.7b 1.4 20.4b 1.5 31.1b 1.4

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen application styles on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency"

处理
Treatment		 子粒产量(kg/hm2)
Grain yield		 氮肥利用率(%)
Nitrogen use efficiency		 追施氮肥利用率(%)
Nitrogen use efficiency as top dressing		 氮素收获指数(%)
Nitrogen harvest index
不施No fertilization 6 276.0d - - 74.30
底施Basal application 6 895.5c 12.07 - 69.32
撒施Broadcasting application 7 392.0b 28.12 16.05 55.86
喷施Spraying application 7 918.5a 30.11 18.04 61.61

Table 5

Effects of integration of water and fertilizer on wheat in Shunyi"

年份
Year		 灌溉方式
Irrigation style		 灌水量(m3/hm2)
Irrigation amount		 纯氮量(kg/hm2)
Pure nitrogen amount		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 增幅(%)
Increasing rate
2014 圆形喷灌 1 950 232.5 8 295 18.7
微喷 1 950 232.5 8 025 14.8
滴灌 1 950 232.5 7 275 4.1
半固定式喷灌（CK） 2 700 291.0 6 990 -
2015 圆形喷灌 1 800 222.0 8 025 17.8
微喷 1 800 222.0 7 785 14.3
滴灌 1 800 222.0 7 680 12.8
半固定式喷灌（CK） 2 250 283.0 6 810 -
2016 圆形喷灌 1 650 225.0 8 220 16.1
微喷 1 650 225.0 7 845 10.8
滴灌 1 650 225.0 7 950 12.3
半固定式喷灌（CK） 2 175 300.0 7 080 -

Table 6

Effects of application of slow-release compound fertilizer and urea on wheat yield and output"

试验地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 穗数(万/hm2)
Spike number		 穗粒数
Kernels per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
房山Fangshan 缓释复合肥 888.0a 29.3a 39.5a 8 736.0a
复合肥+缓释尿素 822.0b 29.8a 39.7a 8 266.5b
复合肥+普通尿素(CK) 774.0c 30.1a 39.6a 7 842.0c
通州Tongzhou 缓释复合肥 840.0a 31.7a 39.0a 7 698.0a
复合肥+缓释尿素 813.0b 32.3a 39.5a 7 380.0b
复合肥+普通尿素(CK) 805.5b 30.4b 39.7a 7 074.0c

Table 7

Control effects of several seed dressing agents on aphid and powdery mildew"

处理
Treatment		 防治蚜虫效果Effect of aphids control(%) 防治白粉病效果Effect on powdery mildew disease(%) 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
11月6日 4月10日 5月10日 4月30日 5月20日
辛硫磷2mL/kg+多菌灵2g/kg（CK） 11.4C 50.0BC 47.6E 40.8H 10.7D 5 847.0BC
奥拜瑞6mL/kg 100.0A 100.0A 62.8BCD 69.7A 40.0AB 6 109.5B
高巧4.8g/kg+立克秀0.5g/kg 100.0A 100.0A 69.0B 66.2B 42.1A 6 519.0A
噻虫嗪4g/kg+立克秀0.5g/kg 100.0A 95.0AB 86.4A 41.0H 23.5C 6 633.0A
酷拉斯600g/kg 100.0A 95.0AB 61.9CD 58.4DE 7.2E 6 586.5A

Table 8

Comparison of operating efficiency to wheat aphid among three plant protection machineries"

植保机械
Machine		 平均防效(%)
Average control effect		 作业面积(m2)
Operation area		 平均用时(min)
Average used time		 作业效率(hm2/h)
Operating efficiency
WSZ-2410型旋翼无人施药机 94.7 1 000 0.6 10.00
3WX-280H型自走式喷杆喷雾机 84.3 800 2.0 2.40
电动背负式喷雾器 83.0 600 30.0 0.12

Table 9

Sowing quality and yield among different types of seeder under the condition of minimum tillage in Shunyi in 2015"

机型
Machine		 整地方式
Land preparation method		 断条率(%)
Rate of broken strip		 播深合格率(%)
Pass rate of sowing depth		 穗数(万/hm2)
Spike number		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
约翰迪尔1590 重耙 13.2 72.0 658.5a 5 541.0b
大华2BFX-12旋耕条播机 重耙 6.1 88.0 474.0b 5 557.5b
大华2BFX-9旋耕条播机 重耙 2.7 88.0 675.0ab 5 707.5b
郓农2BMFZS-12振动深松播种机 重耙 2.5 70.0 760.5a 6 573.0a
鑫飞达2BF-12（对照1) 重耙+翻耕+旋耕 7.1 94.0 729.0a 6 556.5a
鑫飞达2BF-9（对照2) 重耙+翻耕+旋耕 2.8 86.0 721.5a 6 874.5a

Table 10

Sowing quality and yield among different types of seeder under the condition of no-tillage in Fangshan in 2015"

机型
Machine		 整地方式
Land preparation
style		 晾子率(%)
The rate of
exposed seeds		 断条率(%)
The rate of
broken strip		 播深合格率(%)
The pass rate of
sowing depth		 穗数(万hm2)
Spike number		 产量
(kg/hm2)
Yield
约翰迪尔1590 免耕地 42.6 57.80 43.3 442.5 4 207.5c
大华2BFX-9旋耕播种机 免耕地 0 1.10 86.8 567.0 5 109.0b
豪丰2BMSF -16/8带状旋耕 免耕地 0 0.60 88.4 607.5 6 064.5ab
鑫飞达2BF-12（对照) 重耙+翻耕+旋耕 0 0.00 89.4 708.0 6 258.5a

Table 11

Application effect of water-saving, fertilizer-saving and simplified technology from 2014 to 2015"

类型Type 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 水分生产效率(kg/m3)
Water use efficiency		 纯养分产出(kg/kg)
Pure nutrient use efficiency		 劳动生产率(kg/工·日)
Labor use efficiency
2015年示范 7 942.5 2.0 17.0 323.4
2014年示范 7 329.0 1.7 17.0 271.4
2015年常规 6 625.5 1.7 13.8 259.8
[1] 张灿军, 吴少辉, 王书子 , 等. 节水抗旱小麦新品种—洛旱2号. 麦类作物学报, 2002,22(4):105.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2002.04.031
[2] 黎裕 . 作物抗旱鉴定方法与指标. 干旱地区农业研究, 1993,11(3):91-99.
[3] 路贵和, 安海润 . 作物抗旱性鉴定方法与指标研究进展. 山西农业科学, 1999,27(4):39-43.
[4] 周桂莲, 杨慧霞 . 小麦抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标及其分析评价. 干旱地区农业研究, 1996,14(2):65-71.
[5] 宫飞, 陈阜, 杨晓光 . 喷灌对冬小麦水分利用的影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2001,6(5):30-34.
[6] 宗洁, 吕谋超, 翟国亮 , 等. 北方小麦节水灌溉技术及发展模式研究.节水灌溉, 2014(7):69-71.
[7] 王冀川, 高山, 徐雅丽 , 等. 新疆小麦滴灌技术的应用与存在问题.节水灌溉, 2011(9):25-29.
[8] 史宏志, 高卫锴, 常思敏 . 微喷灌水定额对烟田土壤物理性状和养分运移的影响. 河南农业大学学报, 2009,43(5):485-490.
[9] Home P G, Panda R K, Kar S . Effect of method and scheduling of irrigation on water and nitrogen use efficiencies of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Agricultural Water Management, 2002,55:159-170.
doi: 10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00186-X
[10] 严海军, 姚培培, 朱勇 , 等. 圆形喷灌机喷头配置技术与软件研究. 农业机械学报, 2011,42(6):84-88.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1298.[year].[issue].[sequence]
[11] 赵伟霞, 李久生, 杨汝苗 , 等. 田间试验评估圆形喷灌机变量灌溉系统水量分布特性. 农业工程学报, 2014,30(22):53-62.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.22.007
[12] 高祥照, 杜森, 钟永红 , 等. 水肥一体化发展现状与展望.中国农业信息, 2015(4):14-19,63.
[13] 李月华, 李琴, 王树生 , 等. 小麦微喷水肥一体化技术试验示范初报. 河北农业科学, 2012,16(7):28-31.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1088-1631.2012.07.008
[14] 傅送保, 曲均峰, 王国忠 . 一次基施缓释肥对小麦产量和效益的影响.磷肥与复肥, 2014(2):73-74.
[15] 解永军, 李作山, 解永金 , 等. “施可丰”长效缓释肥对小麦农艺性状及产量的影响. 山东农业科学, 2013,45(4):84-85.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2013.04.024
[16] 王显模, 邓洪睿, 付庆中 , 等. 小麦缓释肥不同底肥用量施用效果研究.现代农业科技, 2015(10):23-24.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2015.10.009
[17] 张玉涛, 潘月庆, 胡星宝 , 等. 立克秀与高巧种衣剂混用在小麦上的应用效果.山东农业科学, 2001(6):97-98.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2011.06.028
[18] 茹李军, 郑雪松, 丑靖宇 , 等. 45%烯肟菌胺·苯醚甲环唑·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂对小麦纹枯病和蚜虫的防治效果. 麦类作物学报, 2016,36(2):251-256.
[19] 王俊英, 宋慧欣, 周吉红 , 等. 北京市粮经作物产业发展调研报告.北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2014.
[20] 周吉红, 毛思帅, 孟范玉 , 等. 北京第八代小麦主推品种特点及其应用.作物杂志, 2015(1):20-24.
doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2015.01.004
[21] 周吉红, 毛思帅, 王俊英 , 等. 构建合理群体,因苗因墒科学管理,实现小麦高产高效.作物杂志, 2015(4):109-114.
doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2015.04.024
[22] 孟范玉, 周吉红, 王俊英 , 等. 冬末春初京郊麦田镇压和补水对小麦产量的影响.农业科技通讯, 2015(3):68-70.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2015.03.023
[23] 严海军, 马静, 王志鹏 . 圆形喷灌机泵注式施肥装置设计与田间试验. 农业机械学报, 2015,46(9):100-106.
doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.09.014
[1] Wang Hanxia, Shan Fuhua, Tian Liping, Ma Qiaoyun, . Analysis of Stability and Adaptability of Winter#br# Wheat Varieties in the Regional Trials of#br# the Northern Wheat Region of China [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 40-44.
[2] An Xia, Zhang Haijun, Jiang Fangshan, Lü Lianjie, Chen Jun. Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Sowing#br# Densities on the Population Structure and#br# Yield of Two Spike Type Winter Wheats [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(5): 132-136.
[3] Shaohui Huang,Yunma Yang,Ketong Liu,Yanming Sun,Junfang Yang,Liangliang Jia. Yield Potential, Yield Gap and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Gap of Winter Wheat in Hebei Province [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 118-122.
[4] Min Song,Haipeng Zhang,Xingtao Lu,Cuixia Wu,Yong Zhang. Control Effect of Six Soil-Applied Herbicides on Lamium amplexicaule L. in Winter Wheat Field [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(2): 161-165.
[5] Ruiqi Ma,Zhen Qi,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yushuang Yang,Jinfeng Feng,Min Sun,Guangcai Zhao. Regulation Effects of Growth Regulators on Plant Characters, Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(1): 133-140.
[6] Jiachen Cao,Youfei Zheng,Hui Zhao,Jingxin Xu. Influence of Open-Top Chamber on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(1): 88-95.
[7] Shaohui Huang,Junfang Yang,Liangliang Jia,Yunma Yang,Wenfang Yang,Yanming Sun. Effects of Slow-Release Urea Formaldehyde on Yield of Winter Wheat and the Distribution of Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil [J]. Crops, 2017, 33(3): 110-114.
[8] Lijie Liu,Dongxiang Zhang,Zhongmin Jin,Lidong Lin,Yanbo Ren,Jingtong Zhao,Jing Cang. Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Cell Ultrastructure of Winter Wheat under Cold Stress in Frigid Region [J]. Crops, 2017, 33(3): 60-68.
[9] Lianjie Xie,Nana Li,Yanting Pei,Jianxia Song,Lei Zhao,Zhiqiang Li,Hanfeng Ding. Absorption Characteristics of Soil Mineral Elements by Main Winter Wheat Varieties in Shandong Province in the Past 60 Years [J]. Crops, 2017, 33(1): 56-60.
[10] Lianxi Wang,Chang Liu,Qi Li,Dongli Wu,Qing Wang,Wei Cheng. The Northern Boundary Variation of Winter Wheat in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei under Climate Warming [J]. Crops, 2017, 33(1): 61-67.
[11] Lihua Liu,Binshuang Pang,Hongbo Li,Yangna Liu,Deping Fu,Na Wang,Changping Zhao. SSR Analysis of Winter Wheat Lines of Beijing Regional Trials from 2009 to 2015 [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(5): 13-18.
[12] Wenfei Long,Zhiqiang Fu,Hailin Li. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Planting Density on Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Late Rice Fengyuanyou 299 under the Condition of Water Saving Irrigation [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(5): 124-130.
[13] Hao Zhang,Jianchang Yang. Water-Saving Irrigation Techniques of Three Major Food Crops and Their Effects on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(5): 67-74.
[14] Shaomin Wang,Shumei Guo,Zhenfu Niu,He Zhang. Effects of Fenaminstrobin-Difenoconazole-Thiamethoxam 45% FSC on Growth,Development,Main Diseases and Insect Pests in Winter Wheat [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(4): 167-171.
[15] Lu Wang,Zihang Cheng,Yongchao Song,Xiaonan Wang,Lianshuang Fu,Zhuofu Li,Lu Chen. Impacts of Contents of Soluble Sugars and Protein in Leaves of Winter Wheat on Spike Differentiation in Frigid Region [J]. Crops, 2016, 32(3): 99-103.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Guangcai Zhao,Xuhong Chang,Demei Wang,Zhiqiang Tao,Yanjie Wang,Yushuang Yang,Yingjie Zhu. General Situation and Development of Wheat Production[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 1 -7 .
[2] Baoquan Quan,Dongmei Bai,Yuexia Tian,Yunyun Xue. Effects of Different Leaf-Peg Ratio on Photosynthesis and Yield of Peanut[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 102 -105 .
[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .