Crops ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 145-150.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.026

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Effects of Organic Materials Returning on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents,Yield and Economic Benefit in Wheat

Li Chunxi1,Zhang Lingling1,Ma Shouchen2,Shao Yun1,Chen Huiting1,Wang Jingruo1   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,Henan,China
    2 School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China
  • Received:2016-10-19 Revised:2017-01-18 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2018-08-26

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Abstract:

Long-term field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different organic materials returning on soil carbon and nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and economic benefit in wheat. Four treatments were designed as below: CK (without organic materials), J (returning straw totally), F (pig manure), and Z (biogas slurry). The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under F, J and Z treatments were increased compared with CK at mature period. Nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of F, J and Z treatments were also higher than CK, increased by 13.85%, 3.23% , 4.67% (2013-2014) and 10.25%, 7.68%, 0.48% (2014-2015), respectively. Yields under F, J and Z treatments were significantly higher than CK (P < 0.05), increased by 14.29%, 11.12%, 4.65% (2013-2014) and 26.61%, 16.18%, 10.96% (2014-2015), respectively. In 2013-2014, economic benefit under F and J treatments were significantly higher than CK (P < 0.05) by 10.73%, 12.34%, respectively; While in 2014-2015, those under F, J and Z treatments were all significantly higher than CK (P < 0.05) by 31.04%, 20.65% and 10.86%, respectively. In summary, organic materials retuning can improve the basic fertility of soil and wheat yield, as well as the economic benefit.

Key words: Organic material returning to field, Wheat, Soil organic carbon, Soil total nitrogen, Nitrogen utilization rate, Yield, Economic benefit

Table 1

Content of organic carbon and total nitrogen of 0-20cm in soil before sowing and mature stage g/kg"

年份Year 处理Treatment 播前Before sowing 成熟期Mature stage
有机碳Organic carbon 全氮Total nitrogen 有机碳Organic carbon 全氮Total nitrogen
2013-2014 CK 19.43b 2.06b 21.21a 2.07b
猪粪Pig manure 25.30a 2.35a 26.25a 2.53a
秸秆Straw 23.62b 2.20ab 24.48a 2.47a
沼液Biogas slurry 23.12b 2.26ab 25.23a 2.30ab
2014-2015 CK 21.49b 2.28b 22.79b 2.31b
猪粪Pig manure 27.20a 2.54a 29.42a 2.78a
秸秆Straw 25.53ab 2.53a 27.83a 2.62ab
沼液Biogas slurry 26.60b 2.44ab 29.44a 2.85a

Table 2

Nitrogen use efficiency of wheat with different materials returning"

年份Year 处理Treatment 氮素积累量(kg/hm2)
Nitrogen accumulation amount		 氮素偏生产力(kg/kg)
Nitrogen partial factor productivity		 氮素利用效率(%)
Nitrogen utilization efficiency
2013-2014 CK 525.49b 29.21b 15.01b
猪粪Pig manure 527.54b 33.39a 17.09a
秸秆Straw 565.69a 32.46a 15.49b
沼液Biogas slurry 525.42b 30.57ab 15.71b
2014-2015 CK 430.32b 29.42c 18.46b
猪粪Pig manure 494.19a 37.25a 20.35a
秸秆Straw 497.56a 34.18ab 18.55b
沼液Biogas slurry 443.44b 32.65bc 19.88ab

Table 3

Effects of different material returning to field on yield and its components in wheat"

年份Year 处理Treatment 穗数(万/hm2)
Ear number		 小穗数
Spikelet number		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield		 收获指数(%)
Harvest index
2013-2014 CK 832.50b 19.10a 30.30a 39.93b 7 886.94c 33.25b
猪粪Pig manure 911.25a 20.20a 32.20a 44.38a 9 014.51a 36.79a
秸秆Straw 870.80b 19.70a 31.50a 41.68ab 8 764.38ab 34.07b
沼液Biogas slurry 841.50b 19.90a 32.00a 41.26ab 8 254.13ab 34.90ab
2014-2015 CK 928.80b 17.55b 29.85b 41.77b 7 943.97c 35.18b
猪粪Pig manure 1 020.51a 19.55a 34.75a 45.54a 10 058.36a 39.13a
秸秆Straw 987.16a 18.45ab 32.65ab 44.64a 9 229.61ab 35.55b
沼液Biogas slurry 937.14b 17.80b 31.85ab 42.15b 8 814.41bc 33.56b

Table 4

The economic benefit of different materials to the field"

年份Year 处理
Treatment		 经济产量(kg/hm2)
Economic yield		 生产成本Cost (元/hm2) 经济效益(元/hm2)
Economic benefit
生产资料
Means of production		 机械投入
Machine cost		 劳动成本
Labor cost
2013-2014 CK 7 887.28 3 000.00 2 400.00 2 700.00 12 406.92b
猪粪Pig manure 9 014.51 4 500.00 2 400.00 2 800.00 13 737.71a
秸秆Straw 8 764.38 3 000.00 3 150.00 2 700.00 13 937.39a
沼液Biogas slurry 8 254.13 3 750.00 2 400.00 2 850.00 12 460.73b
2014-2015 CK 7 943.97 3 000.00 2 400.00 2 700.00 12 554.32c
猪粪Pig manure 10 058.36 4 500.00 2 400.00 2 800.00 16 451.74a
秸秆Straw 9 229.61 3 000.00 3 150.00 2 700.00 15 146.99ab
沼液Biogas slurry 8 814.41 3 750.00 2 400.00 2 850.00 13 917.45bc
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