Crops ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 162-167.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.024

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Effects of Sowing Dates and Densities on Propagation, Growth and Yield of Potato Seeds

Wang Tianwen,Li Changzhong,Chen Guanghai()   

  1. Shandan County Seed Industry Development Center, Shandan 734100, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-10-16 Revised:2019-11-19 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-13
  • Contact: Guanghai Chen E-mail:1871960379@qq.com

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Abstract:

In the production of potato seed, the sowing density and sowing date have obvious influence on the yield of seed and the size of tubers. Main local variety 'Atlantic' was selected to carry out different sowing dates and density experiments in the cold and cool area of Shandan County from 2017 to 2018. Five different sowing dates was selected on i.e. April 25th, May 5th, May 15th, May 25th and June 5th. Planting density was set at five levels: 60 000, 90 000, 120 000, 150 000 and 180 000 granule/ha. The results showed that under big ridge and two lines film mulching during the period from April 25th to May 15th with planting density of 120 000 and 150 000 granule/ha, the yield was 45 285-46 770kg/ha, the rate of medium potato is 75.3%-79.6%, There are many qualified seed potatoes, all of which are the highest, and the yield difference in this range is not significant. Considering saving the input of original seeds and reducing the cost the optimal planting density of 120 000 granule/ha is preferred in the production and planted between April 25th and May 15th is the best choice for ‘Atlantic’ potato seed breeding.

Key words: Potato, Seed potato propagation, Sowing date, Density, Yield

Table 1

Phenophase of tested variety Atlantic under different sowing date (2017-2018)"

因素
Factoy		 年份
Year		 播种期(日/月)
Sowing
(Day/Month)		 出苗期(日/月)
Emergence
(Day/Month)		 现蕾期(日/月)
Bud flower
(Day/Month)		 开花期(日/月)
Flowering
(Day/Month)		 成熟期(日/月)
Maturity
(Day/Month)		 收获期(日/月)Harvesting
(Day/Month)		 生育期
Growth
stage (d)
A1 2017 25/04 28/05 13/06 26/06 14/09 20/09 109
2018 25/04 28/05 15/06 28/06 15/09 20/09 110
A2 2017 05/05 05/06 17/06 04/07 20/09 26/09 107
2018 05/05 04/06 18/06 06/07 20/09 20/09 108
A3 2017 15/05 11/06 25/06 10/07 23/09 26/09 104
2018 15/05 11/06 27/06 12/07 24/09 28/09 105
A4 2017 25/05 16/06 28/06 15/07 25/09 01/10 101
2018 25/05 15/06 29/06 17/07 26/09 28/09 103
A5 2017 05/06 23/06 05/07 21/07 28/09 01/10 97
2018 05/06 23/06 04/07 23/07 30/09 03/10 99

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on biological and economic characteristics (2017-2018)"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant
height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (cm)		 单株结薯数Tuber number
per plant		 单株产量
Yield per
plant (kg)		 单薯重
Weight per tuber (g)
A1B1 50.6 1.2 5.0 0.66 132.0
A1B2 50.3 1.2 3.8 0.48 126.3
A1B3 50.3 1.1 3.0 0.39 130.0
A1B4 50.2 1.1 2.7 0.32 118.5
A1B5 49.9 0.9 2.2 0.25 113.6
A2B1 50.5 1.2 4.4 0.66 150.0
A2B2 50.2 1.1 3.5 0.45 128.6
A2B3 50.0 1.1 3.1 0.39 125.8
A2B4 49.7 1.0 2.7 0.31 114.8
A2B5 50.1 0.9 2.1 0.23 109.5
A3B1 50.6 1.1 5.3 0.65 122.6
A3B2 50.3 1.0 3.4 0.46 135.3
A3B3 50.4 1.0 3.0 0.40 133.3
A3B4 50.5 0.9 2.7 0.32 118.5
A3B5 49.6 0.8 2.0 0.24 120.0
A4B1 50.3 1.0 4.3 0.61 141.8
A4B2 50.2 1.0 3.3 0.45 136.4
A4B3 50.3 0.9 2.8 0.36 128.6
A4B4 49.8 0.9 2.6 0.29 111.5
A4B5 50.2 0.8 1.9 0.23 121.0
A5B1 49.8 0.9 4.3 0.60 139.5
A5B2 49.6 0.9 3.5 0.39 111.4
A5B3 50.1 0.8 3.0 0.32 106.7
A5B4 49.8 0.8 2.4 0.25 104.2
A5B5 49.4 0.7 1.8 0.18 100.0

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on seed potato (2017-2018)"

处理
Treatment		 大薯数(>200g)
Big tuber
number		 中薯数(50~200g)
Middle tuber
number		 小薯数(<50g)
Small tuber number		 中种薯率
Middle tuber percentage (%)
A1B1 1.5 3.37 0.13 67.4
A1B2 1.0 2.66 0.14 70.0
A1B3 0.6 2.26 0.14 75.3
A1B4 0.4 2.15 0.15 79.6
A1B5 0.4 1.57 0.23 71.4
A2B1 1.4 2.85 0.15 64.8
A2B2 0.7 2.63 0.17 75.1
A2B3 0.5 2.40 0.20 77.4
A2B4 0.4 2.05 0.25 75.9
A2B5 0.3 1.50 0.30 71.4
A3B1 1.4 3.68 0.22 69.4
A3B2 0.7 2.48 0.22 72.9
A3B3 0.4 2.35 0.25 78.3
A3B4 0.3 2.12 0.28 78.5
A3B5 0.2 1.45 0.35 72.5
A4B1 1.2 2.93 0.17 68.1
A4B2 0.6 2.48 0.22 75.2
A4B3 0.4 2.17 0.23 77.5
A4B4 0.3 2.05 0.25 78.8
A4B5 0.2 1.40 0.30 73.7
A5B1 1.1 2.97 0.23 69.1
A5B2 0.8 2.45 0.25 70.0
A5B3 0.3 2.38 0.32 79.3
A5B4 0.2 1.86 0.34 77.5
A5B5 0.0 1.25 0.55 69.4

Table 4

Variance analysis of yield results(2017-2018)"

变异来源
Sources of variation		 自由度
Degree of freedom		 2017 2018 F0.05 F0.01 2017-2018
SS MS F SS MS F 自由度
Degree of freedom		 SS MS F F0.05 F0.01
年份间Years 1 28.78 28.78 10.24** 3.96 6.96
区组间Blocks 2 10.96 5.48 2.92 0.25 0.13 0.05 3.19 5.08 20 11.21 0.56 0.20 1.70 2.12
处理(组合)间
Treatments (combinations)		 24 1 697.52 70.73 37.62** 2 443.01 101.79 36.35** 1.75 2.20 48 4 140.56 86.26 30.70** 1.52 1.80
播种期Seeding date 4 862.82 215.70 114.74** 948.19 237.05 84.66** 2.57 3.74 4 1 788.67 447.20 159.14** 2.49 3.56
密度Density 4 690.18 172.54 91.78** 1 310.55 327.64 117.01** 2.57 3.74 4 1 940.18 485.10 172.62** 2.49 3.56
播种期×密度
Seeding date×Density		 16 144.52 9.03 4.80** 184.27 11.52 4.11** 1.86 2.40 16 299.64 18.73 6.67** 1.77 2.23
播种期×年份
Seeding date×Year		 4 22.38 5.60 1.99 2.49 3.56
密度×年份Density×Year 4 60.55 15.14 5.39** 2.49 3.56
播种期×密度×年份
Sowing date×Density×Year		 16 29.14 1.82 0.65 1.77 2.23
随机误差Random error 48 90.11 1.88 134.58 2.80 80 224.69 2.81
总变异Total variation 74 1 798.59 2 577.84 149 4 405.24

Table 5

New repolarization test of sowing date and density plot average yield（2017-2018）"

播期
Sowing date		 产量Yield
(kg/12m2)		 差异显著性Significance of difference 密度
Density		 产量Yield
(kg/12m2)		 差异显著性Significance of difference
5% 1% 5% 1%
A3 50.87 a A B3 52.19 a A
A1 50.56 a A B4 52.17 a A
A2 50.38 a A B5 46.74 b B
A4 46.42 b B B2 45.97 b B
A5 41.94 c C B1 43.10 c C

Table 6

Summary of potato yield results(2017-2018)"

处理Treatment 2017 2018 2年总和
Two years combined
Tsv		 小区平均
产量
Plot average yield		 折合产量
Equivalent
yield
(kg/hm2)		 位次
Rank		 差异显著性
Difference significant
小区产量(kg/12m2)
Yield per plot		 Tsvy 小区产量(kg/12m2)
Yield per plot		 Tsvy
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 0.05 0.01
A1B1 45.90 46.20 44.10 136.20 43.90 42.60 42.00 128.50 264.70 44.12 36 785 19 d CD
A1B2 47.35 48.30 48.60 144.25 51.31 47.90 50.35 149.56 293.81 48.97 40 830 10 bc BC
A1B3 55.50 51.20 54.80 161.50 54.50 54.20 55.70 164.40 325.90 54.32 45 285 6 a A
A1B4 54.15 52.75 53.70 161.60 57.55 55.75 54.19 167.49 329.09 54.85 45 735 5 a A
A1B5 50.64 48.25 51.40 151.29 53.50 50.75 47.73 151.98 303.27 50.55 42 150 7 b B
Trsy 253.54 246.70 252.60 754.84
(Tsy)		 260.76 251.20 249.97 761.93
(Tsy)		 1 516.77
(Ts)
A2B1 47.15 46.00 43.47 136.62 43.60 45.61 42.81 132.02 268.64 44.77 37 335 18 d CD
A2B2 45.23 46.95 45.85 138.03 45.75 48.57 45.85 140.17 278.20 46.37 38 655 14 cd C
A2B3 54.95 54.00 56.50 165.45 54.94 57.00 58.93 170.87 336.32 56.05 46 740 3 a A
A2B4 54.55 53.90 55.30 163.75 58.55 58.02 56.20 172.77 336.52 56.09 46 770 1 a A
A2B5 46.35 48.53 48.10 142.98 50.30 48.35 50.10 148.75 291.73 48.62 40 545 12 bc BC
Trsy 248.23 249.38 249.22 746.83
(Tsy)		 253.14 257.60 253.89 764.58
(Tsy)		 1 511.41
(Ts)
A3B1 45.02 44.17 45.27 134.46 43.20 42.15 44.85 130.20 264.66 44.11 36 780 20 d CD
A3B2 48.30 47.10 45.96 141.36 47.90 48.10 51.10 147.10 288.46 48.08 40 095 13 c BC
A3B3 53.00 54.00 55.00 162.00 58.00 58.63 57.80 174.43 336.43 56.07 46 755 2 a A
A3B4 54.00 53.45 56.00 163.45 57.40 58.20 57.00 172.60 336.05 56.01 46 695 4 a A
A3B5 50.55 49.17 47.70 147.42 53.18 51.25 48.70 153.13 300.55 50.09 41 760 8 bc B
Trsy 250.87 247.89 249.93 748.69
(Tsy)		 259.68 258.30 259.45 777.46
(Tsy)		 1 526.15
(Ts)
A4B1 40.00 41.90 43.90 125.80 40.00 40.90 44.92 125.82 251.62 41.94 34 965 22 e D
A4B2 44.70 46.16 46.90 137.76 44.70 43.90 45.90 134.50 272.26 45.38 37 830 17 d C
A4B3 48.15 47.34 50.40 145.89 48.40 51.62 46.23 146.25 292.14 48.69 40 590 11 bc BC
A4B4 48.50 50.75 52.04 151.29 50.91 49.25 48.40 148.56 299.85 49.98 41 670 9 bc B
A4B5 46.85 44.98 46.50 138.33 44.20 45.70 48.50 138.40 276.73 46.12 38 460 15 cd C
Trsy 228.20 231.13 239.74 699.07
(Tsy)		 228.21 231.40 233.95 693.53
(Tsy)		 1 392.60
(Ts)
A5B1 40.45 42.55 41.55 124.55 39.25 40.55 39.00 118.80 243.35 40.56 33 825 24 e DE
A5B2 40.65 39.15 41.35 121.15 42.65 42.43 40.15 125.23 246.38 41.06 34 230 23 e DE
A5B3 45.40 42.45 44.95 132.80 45.38 47.85 48.95 142.18 274.98 45.83 38 205 16 d C
A5B4 44.35 40.25 43.25 127.85 43.68 45.70 46.35 135.73 263.58 43.93 36 630 21 de CD
A5B5 39.60 38.10 36.30 114.00 38.30 39.00 38.74 116.04 230.04 38.34 31 965 25 f E
Trsy 210.45 202.50 207.40 620.35
(Tsy)		 209.26 215.50 213.19 637.98
(Tsy)		 1 258.33
(Ts)
3569.78
(Ty)		 3635.48
(Ty)		 7205.26
(T)		 48.04
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