Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 68-73.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.010

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Effects of Cropping Patterns on Crop Yield and Resource Utilization Efficiency in Southern China

Gong Songling1,2(), Cao Pei1,2, Gao Zhenzhen1,2, Li Chengwei1,2, Liu Zhangyong1,2, Zhu Bo1,2()   

  1. 1Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2020-07-26 Revised:2020-12-10 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: Zhu Bo E-mail:gsl15225966370@163.com;1984zhubo@163.com

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Abstract:

Optimizing cropping patterns is one of the important way to tap the high yield potential of farmland and to improve resource utilization efficiency. Field trials were carried out at Sanhu Farm in Jiangling county, Hubei Province from 2017 to 2018. A randomized block design and three planting patterns, early rice-late rice (DR, CK), spring maize-late rice (MR), and ratoon rice (Rr) were conducted. The results showed that compared with early rice-late rice, the accumulated temperature production efficiency, water use efficiency, economic benefit and annual yield of spring maize-late rice increased by 8.66%, 35.19%, 33.71% and 34.60%, respectively. Ratoon rice increased by 6.77%, 11.16%, 68.12% and 31.20%, respectively. From the perspective of the whole year, the accumulated temperature production efficiencies of the spring maize-late rice and ratoon rice treatments were higher, and the spring maize -late rice treatments had the highest water use efficiency. The annual yields of the spring maize -late rice and ratoon rice treatments of different planting treatments are significantly higher than that of the early rice -late rice, the ratoon rice treatment had the highest economic benefit, followed by spring maize-late rice. Therefore, spring maize-late rice and ratoon rice are optimal planting treatments for two-cropping rice fields in this region.

Key words: Cropping pattern, Yield, Efficiency of resource utilization, Double rice, Spring maize-late rice, Ratoon rice

Fig.1

Mean temperature and total rainfall during experimental period"

Table 1

Growth period and dates of sowing, transplanting and harvest of different patterns"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播种期–移栽期–收获期（月/日）
Date of sowing, transplanting and harvest (month/day)		 生育期天数
Growth period (d)
第1季1st season 第2季2nd season 第1季1st season 第2季2nd season 周年Annual
2017 DR 03/29-05/02-07/20 06/23-07/27-11/03 113 132 219
MR 03/29-04/23-07/15 06/23-07/27-11/03 108 132 219
Rr 03/29-05/02-08/15 11/03 129 80 209
2018 DR 03/25-05/03-07/18 06/22-07/27-11/01 115 131 225
MR 03/30-04/22-07/16 06/22-07/27-11/01 108 131 216
Rr 03/25-05/03-08/10 10/23 138 76 214

Fig.2

Crop grain yield under various cropping patterns Different small letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05)"

Fig.3

Crop aboveground biomass under various cropping patterns"

Table 2

Production efficiency of solar radiation and accumulated temperature in different cropping patterns"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 光能生产效率
Solar radiation production efficiency (g/MJ)		 积温(≥10℃)生产效率
Accumulated temperature production efficiency [kg/(hm2·℃·d)]
第1季1st season 第2季2nd season 周年Annual 第1季1st season 第2季2nd season 周年Annual
2017 DR 0.42±0.03c 0.30±0.04b 0.42±0.04b 5.22±0.32b 2.87±0.42b 4.58±0.42b
MR 0.49±0.01b 0.29±0.02b 0.43±0.02b 6.04±0.18a 2.89±0.18b 4.73±0.18ab
Rr 0.45±0.02c 0.51±0.05a 0.47±0.01a 5.30±0.24b 4.76±0.47a 5.13±0.10a
2018 DR 0.41±0.02c 0.45±0.02b 0.49±0.02b 4.75±0.22bc 4.69±0.17b 5.47±0.19b
MR 0.42±0.03c 0.30±0.04b 0.42±0.04b 6.01±0.09a 4.93±0.28b 6.19±0.17a
Rr 0.49±0.01b 0.29±0.02b 0.43±0.02b 5.09±0.15b 6.60±0.25a 5.60±0.07b

Table 3

Water distribution and use efficiency in different cropping patterns"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 降水量Rainfall (mm) 灌溉量Irrigation (mm) 水分利用率WUE (kg/m3)
第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual		 第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual		 第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual
2017 DR 411.1 419.3 801.9 332 286 618 1.05c 0.79ab 0.94b
MR 411.1 419.3 801.9 0 286 286 2.04a 0.76b 1.27a
Rr 460.3 341.6 801.9 360 116 476 1.30b 0.94a 1.17a
2018 DR 546.4 400.7 803.3 210 215 425 1.00c 1.54b 1.39b
MR 538.6 400.7 795.5 0 215 215 1.68a 1.62ab 1.88a
Rr 555.0 245.6 800.6 266 134 400 1.28b 1.74a 1.42b

Table 4

Comparison of economic benefit of different cropping patterns 元/hm2 yuan/hm2"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产值Total income 成本Cost 经济效益Net income
第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual		 第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual		 第1季
1st season		 第2季
2nd season		 周年
Annual
2017 DR 18 453 17 723 36 176 12 531 12 576 25 107 5 922 5 147 11 069
MR 18 453 17 248 35 701 9 279 12 576 21 855 9 174 4 672 13 846
Rr 27 696 10 738 40 581 15 118 2 306 17 424 12 578 8 432 21 010
2018 DR 16 632 23 659 38 779 12 531 13 326 25 857 4 101 10 333 14 434
MR 18 143 24 866 44 823 9 429 13 326 22 755 8 714 11 540 20 254
Rr 24 119 15 171 40 609 15 118 2 306 17 424 9 001 12 865 21 866
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