Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 147-151.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.023

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Effects of Harvest Time on Quality Traits of Hybrid Japonica Rice and Inbred Japonica Rice in Northern China

Du Zhimin,Yang Yuchen,Xia Yuanye,Gong Yanlong,Yan Zhiqiang,Xu Hai   

  1. Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2017-08-20 Revised:2017-12-04 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-08-24

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Abstract:

The effects of different harvest time on the rice quality of japonica hybrid rice and inbred japonica rice in Northern China were studied to provide the theoretical basis for improving the quality of hybrid japonica rice and inbred japonica rice through adjusting cultivation measures. Two hybrid japonica rice varieties and three inbred japonica rice varieties were used as test materials. Sampled every 7 days after 30 days from the full heading, quality traits were measured after air drying. The results showed that the effects of different harvest time on the brown rice rate, the milled rice rate and head rice rate of hybrid japonica rice and inbred japonica rice were significant. With the delay of harvest time, the brown rice rate and milled rice rate increased gradually and reached a maximum at 65 days after heading stage, and then decreased sharply. The head rice rate fluctuated significantly with no obvious regularity before 65 days after heading, but decreased significantly after 65 days after heading; The chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of hybrid japonica rice showed an increasing trend. There was no significant difference on chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree in the inbred japonica rice varieties. An increasing trend was found on the whiteness value of the five cultivars. Most of the effects of different harvest time on the protein and amylose content did not reach a significant level. Except for Fengjin was no significant difference in taste value among different harvest time treatments, the other four varieties decreased with the postponement of harvest time and there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 but no distinctive difference at the level of 0.01.During the same harvesting time, the processing quality (including brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate) of inbred japonica rice was significantly better than that of hybrid japonica rice, and the whiteness of hybrid japonica rice was significantly better than that of inbred japonica rice. The difference between inbred japonica rice and japonica hybrid rice on chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree was not significant, the same on amylose content, protein content and taste value. There were no significant differences on the best harvest time. The suitable delay of harvest could promote the improvement of processing quality, usually on 58 days after full heading. The suitable advance of harvest could promote the improvement of appearance quality and taste value, preferably from 30 to 37 days after full heading.

Key words: Hybrid japonica rice, Inbred japonica rice, Harvest time, Quality

Table 1

Changes of quality traits of hybrid japonica rice and inbred japonica rice on different harvest time"

品种
Cultivar		 收获时期
Harvest
time		 糙米率(%)
Brown rice
rate		 精米率(%)
Milled rice
rate		 整精米率(%)
Head rice rate		 垩白粒率(%)
Chalky
rice rate		 垩白度(%)
Chalky
degree		 白度值
Whiteness
value		 蛋白质
含量(%)
Protein content		 直链淀粉
含量(%)
Amylose content		 食味值
Taste
value
辽优9787 30DAH 73.73bcC 62.98cD 55.47aA 1.23dC 0.70dC 40.93cB 6.77aA 19.30cB 68.97aA
Liaoyou 9787 37DAH 73.37cC 62.84cD 51.73abAB 4.27cB 2.27cB 41.50bcAB 6.60aA 19.43bcAB 66.37abABC
44DAH 76.40bcC 66.85bCD 53.44abAB 5.43cAB 2.67bcB 41.80bcAB 6.57aA 19.67abcAB 64.87abABC
51DAH 75.91bBC 66.16bBCD 52.16aAB 6.47abcAB 3.00bcAB 42.20abcAB 6.50aA 20.00aA 67.63abAB
58DAH 80.11aAB 70.42aAB 55.04aA 7.70abA 3.77abAB 42.80abAB 6.40aA 19.97aA 61.07bcABC
65DAH 81.56aA 71.93aA 55.32aA 6.13bcAB 3.03bcAB 42.73abAB 6.87aA 19.83abAB 56.23cC
72DAH 76.64bBC 67.18bBC 48.49bB 8.43aA 4.30aA 43.73aA 6.73aA 19.80abAB 56.93cBC
辽优5206 30DAH 72.43dC 60.76cC 53.11abA 4.07bC 2.27cC 42.50bcAB 7.20aA 19.13aA 60.40aA
Liaoyou 5206 37DAH 75.25cBC 63.25cC 49.58abA 8.13bBC 4.63bcBC 44.23abAB 7.13aA 19.43aA 58.07aAB
44DAH 77.64bcB 67.07bB 51.75abA 15.30aAB 8.07aAB 43.77abcAB 6.97aA 19.73aA 55.37abAB
51DAH 77.30bcB 67.55bB 54.66aA 14.27aAB 7.47abAB 43.30abcAB 7.00aA 19.63aA 53.10abAB
58DAH 82.39aA 72.53aA 54.28aA 14.10aAB 7.30abAB 42.07cB 6.80aA 19.70aA 53.83abAB
65DAH 82.75aA 71.51aA 49.72bA 17.67aA 9.63aA 44.33abAB 7.00aA 19.77aA 45.30bB
72DAH 77.97bB 67.18bB 45.69bA 17.37aA 9.37aA 45.13aA 6.90aA 19.73aA 46.87bAB
沈农9816 30DAH 77.29eC 69.14eD 63.85abcAB 4.07aA 2.47aA 39.63cdBC 6.27abA 19.77bcAB 64.60abA
Shennong 9816
 37DAH 79.62dBC 71.77cdBCD 65.25abAB 2.13aA 1.00aA 39.30dC 6.27abA 19.63cB 65.33aA
44DAH 81.95bcB 74.07bAB 67.09aA 3.73aA 1.87aA 40.07bcBC 6.10abA 19.93abcAB 65.83aA
51DAH 80.45bcBC 72.22bAB 61.02bcAB 4.23aA 2.17aA 40.20bcBC 6.50aA 19.80bcAB 58.57bcA
58DAH 82.47bB 74.15bAB 58.84cBC 3.80aA 1.83aA 40.33bB 6.37abA 19.97abAB 57.50cA
65DAH 86.94aA 76.69aA 53.51dCD 4.93aA 2.40aA 42.63aA 6.03bA 19.93abcAB 58.80bcA
72DAH 79.83cdBC 70.02deCD 48.37eD 3.00aA 1.47aA 42.53aA 6.07bA 20.13aA 60.20abcA
沈农9903 30DAH 76.11cC 66.97dC 57.71abAB 9.93aA 5.80aA 39.27cBC 7.37aA 19.10bA 50.53abA
Shennong 9903 37DAH 79.34bB 70.18cB 62.12aA 8.10aA 4.40aA 40.00bcABC 6.80aA 19.33abA 56.03aA
44DAH 80.93bB 72.78bcB 61.56aA 10.93aA 5.33aA 38.53cC 7.13aA 19.50aA 51.13abA
51DAH 79.60bB 70.76cB 56.99abAB 12.33aA 6.20aA 39.30cBC 7.10aA 19.37abA 47.70bA
58DAH 85.02aA 75.45aA 51.62bcBC 11.87aA 6.10aA 38.70cC 7.10aA 19.43abA 45.93bA
65DAH 85.53aA 75.64aA 56.20abAB 10.27aA 5.00aA 41.03abAB 7.10aA 19.60aA 45.63bA
72DAH 80.01bB 69.92cB 46.18cC 12.63aA 6.53aA 41.97aA 7.00aA 19.60aA 48.20 bA
丰锦Fengjin 30DAH 78.18bB 67.77cB 56.64bB 8.90aAB 5.13aA 41.87aA 5.93aA 19.80abA 59.97aA
37DAH 78.84bB 70.17bcB 64.81aAB 3.57bB 2.23bA 38.87bA 6.03aA 19.70bA 63.43aA
44DAH 79.13bB 70.93bcB 61.66abAB 7.93abAB 4.37abA 39.63abA 5.97aA 19.73bA 61.13aA
51DAH 79.48bB 70.73bcB 61.94abAB 9.10aAB 4.70abA 39.37bA 6.00aA 19.90abA 62.47aA
58DAH 86.33aA 77.40aA 65.87aA 9.43aAB 4.80abA 38.97bA 6.07aA 20.13aA 62.87aA
65DAH 86.41aA 77.50aA 62.42abAB 11.73aA 5.83aA 40.47abA 6.07aA 20.13aA 59.50aA
72DAH 80.08bB 71.40bB 56.59bB 8.83aAB 4.43abA 41.20abA 6.10aA 19.97abA 58.60aA

Table 2

Differences of quality traits between hybrid japonica rice and inbred japonica rice on same harvest time"

收获时期
Harvest time		 品种
Cultivar		 糙米率(%)
Brown rice rate		 精米率(%)
Milled rice rate		 整精米率(%)
Head rice rate		 垩白粒率(%)
Chalky rice rate		 垩白度(%)
Chalky degree		 白度值
Whiteness value		 蛋白质
含量(%)
Protein content		 直链淀粉
含量(%)
Amylose content		 食味值
Taste
value
30DAH 辽优9787 73.73bcBC 62.98bBC 55.47bcB 1.23cB 0.70cB 40.93bAB 6.77abABC 19.30abA 68.97aA
辽优5206 72.43cC 60.76bC 53.11cB 4.07bB 2.27bB 42.50aA 7.20aAB 19.13bA 60.40abAB
沈农9816 77.29abAB 69.14aA 63.85aA 4.07bB 2.47bB 39.63cB 6.27bcBC 19.77aA 64.60abA
沈农9903 76.11abABC 66.97aAB 57.71bB 9.93aA 5.80aA 39.27cB 7.37aA 19.10bA 50.53cB
丰锦 78.18aA 67.75aA 56.64bcB 8.90aA 5.13aA 41.87abA 5.93cC 19.80aA 59.97bAB
37DAH 辽优9787 73.37bB 62.84bB 51.73bBC 4.27abA 2.27abAB 41.50bAB 6.60abcAB 19.43aA 66.37aA
辽优5206 75.25bB 63.25bB 49.58bC 8.13aA 4.63aA 44.23aA 7.13aA 19.43aA 58.07bcAB
沈农9816 79.62aA 71.77aA 65.25aA 2.13bA 1.00bB 39.30cB 6.27bcAB 19.63aA 65.33aA
沈农9903 79.34aA 70.18aA 62.12aAB 8.10aA 4.40aAB 40.00bcB 6.80abAB 19.33aA 56.03cB
丰锦 78.84aA 70.16aA 64.81aA 3.57bA 2.23abAB 38.87cB 6.03cB 19.70aA 63.43abAB
44DAH 辽优9787 76.40dD 66.85cC 53.44cB 5.43cdBC 2.67cdBC 41.80bAB 6.57abA 19.67abA 64.87abAB
辽优5206 77.64bcCD 67.07cC 51.75cB 15.30aA 8.07aA 43.77aA 6.97a 19.73abA 55.37bcAB
沈农9816 81.95aA 74.07aA 67.09aA 3.73dC 1.87dC 40.07cBC 6.10bA 19.93aA 65.83aA
沈农9903 80.93Aab 72.78aAB 61.56bA 10.93bAB 5.33bAB 38.53cC 7.13aA 19.50bA 51.13cB
丰锦 79.13bBC 70.72bB 61.66bA 7.93bcBC 4.37bcBC 39.63cBC 5.97bA 19.73abA 61.13abAB
51DAH 辽优9787 75.91cB 66.16bC 52.16bB 6.47cBC 3.00cBC 42.20aAB 6.50abA 20.00aA 67.63aA
辽优5206 77.30bcAB 67.55bBC 54.66bAB 14.27aA 7.47aA 43.30aA 7.00aA 19.63abA 53.10bcBC
沈农9816 80.45aA 72.22aA 61.02aA 4.23cC 2.17cC 40.20bBC 6.50abA 19.80abA 58.57abABC
沈农9903 79.59abA 70.76aAB 56.99abAB 12.33abAB 6.20abAB 39.30bC 7.10aA 19.37bA 47.70cC
丰锦 79.48abA 70.92aAB 61.94aA 9.10bcABC 4.70bcABC 39.37bC 6.00bA 19.90aA 62.47abAB
58DAH 辽优9787 80.11cB 70.42cC 55.04bcB 7.70bcAB 3.77bcBC 42.80aA 6.40bcAB 19.97abA 61.07abA
辽优5206 82.39bcAB 72.53bcBC 54.28bcB 14.10aA 7.30aA 42.07aAB 6.80abAB 19.70bcAB 53.83bcAB
沈农9816 82.47bcAB 74.15abABC 58.84bAB 3.80cB 1.83cC 40.33bBC 6.37bcAB 19.97abA 57.50abAB
沈农9903 85.02abA 75.45abAB 51.62cB 11.87abA 6.10abAB 38.70cC 7.10aA 19.43cB 45.93cB
丰锦 86.33Aa 77.38aA 65.87aA 9.43abAB 4.80bABC 38.97bcC 6.07cB 20.13aA 62.87aA
65DAH 辽优9787 81.56cB 71.93bB 55.32abAB 6.13cdB 3.03bcB 42.73abAB 6.87abA 19.83abA 56.23aA
辽优5206 82.75bcAB 71.51bB 49.72bB 17.67aA 9.63aA 44.33aA 7.00aA 19.77abA 45.30bB
沈农9816 86.94aA 76.69aA 53.51bAB 4.93dB 2.40cB 42.63abAB 6.03cA 19.93abA 58.80aA
沈农9903 85.53abAB 75.64aAB 56.20abAB 10.27bcB 5.00bcB 41.03bcB 7.10aA 19.60bA 45.63bB
丰锦 86.41aA 77.46aA 62.42aA 11.73bAB 5.83bBC 40.47cB 6.07bcA 20.13aA 59.50aA
72DAH 辽优9787 76.64cB 67.18bB 48.49bB 8.43bcBC 4.30bcBC 43.73abAB 6.73abA 19.80abA 56.93aAB
辽优5206 77.97bcAB 67.18bB 45.69bB 17.37aA 9.37aA 45.13aA 6.90abA 19.73abA 46.87bC
沈农9816 79.83abA 70.02aA 48.37bB 3.00cC 1.47cC 42.53bcBC 6.07bA 20.13aA 60.20aA
沈农9903 80.01aA 69.92aA 46.18bB 12.63abAB 6.53abAB 41.97cBC 7.00aA 19.60bA 48.20bBC
丰锦 80.08aA 71.40aA 56.59aA 8.83bcABC 4.43bcBC 41.20cC 6.10bA 19.97abA 58.60aA

Table 3

The best harvest time for improving the quality traits of hybrid japonica rice and inbred japonica rice"

性状
Traits		 杂交粳稻Hybrid japonica rice 常规粳稻Inbred japonica rice
辽优9787 Liaoyou 9787 辽优5206 Liaoyou 5206 沈农9816 Shennong 9816 沈农9903 Shennong 9903 丰锦 Fengjin
糙米率Brown rice rate 65DAH 65DAH 65DAH 58DAH 58DAH
精米率Milled rice rate 58DAH 58DAH 65DAH 58DAH 58DAH
整精米率Head rice rate 30DAH 51DAH 51DAH 51DAH 58DAH
垩白度Chalky degree 30DAH 30DAH 37DAH 37DAH 37DAH
垩白粒率Chalky rice rate 30DAH 30DAH 37DAH 37DAH 37DAH
白度值Whiteness value 58DAH 72DAH 65DAH 72DAH 30DAH
食味值Taste value 30DAH 30DAH 44DAH 37DAH 37DAH
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[3] Xuefang Huang,Mingjing Huang,Huatao Liu,Cong Zhao,Juanling Wang. Effects of Annual Precipitation and Population Density on Tiller-Earing and Yield of Zhangzagu 5 under Film Mulching and Hole Sowing[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 106 -113 .
[4] Wenhui Huang, Hui Wang, Desheng Mei. Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Crops[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 13 -19 .
[5] Yun Zhao,Cailong Xu,Xu Yang,Suzhen Li,Jing Zhou,Jicun Li,Tianfu Han,Cunxiang Wu. Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 114 -120 .
[6] Mei Lu,Min Sun,Aixia Ren,Miaomiao Lei,Lingzhu Xue,Zhiqiang Gao. Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 121 -125 .
[7] Xiaofei Wang,Haijun Xu,Mengqiao Guo,Yu Xiao,Xinyu Cheng,Shuxia Liu,Xiangjun Guan,Yaokun Wu,Weihua Zhao,Guojiang Wei. Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Fertilizer Utilization Rate on the Yield of Oilseed Perilla frutescens in Cold Area[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 126 -130 .
[8] Pengjin Zhu,Xinhua Pang,Chun Liang,Qinliang Tan,Lin Yan,Quanguang Zhou,Kewei Ou. Effects of Cold Stress on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sugarcane Seedlings[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 131 -137 .
[9] Jie Gao,Qingfeng Li,Qiu Peng,Xiaoyan Jiao,Jinsong Wang. Effects of Different Nutrient Combinations on Plant Production and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Utilization Characteristics in Waxy Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 138 -142 .
[10] Na Shang,Zhongxu Yang,Qiuzhi Li,Huihui Yin,Shihong Wang,Haitao Li,Tong Li,Han Zhang. Response of Cotton with Vegetative Branches to Plant Density in the Western of Shandong Province[J]. Crops, 2018, 34(4): 143 -148 .