Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 140-146.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.02.020

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Response of Kidney Bean Growth and Yield to Planting Density in the Dry Year

Li Jie(), Zhang Xiaoning, Jin Fansheng, Han Yanlong, Li Haijin   

  1. Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Organic Dry Farming, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-05-27 Revised:2021-03-01 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-16
  • Contact: Jin Fansheng E-mail:13513617195@163.com

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Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the suitable planting density of kidney bean in the semi-arid and cold region of northern Shanxi. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and variety ‘Yingguohong’ was used as the test material and six density gradients were set to observe the effects of different planting densities on plant height, dry matter accumulation, yield, and yield components. The result showed that, with the increase of the planting density, plant height increased gradually, chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation of single plant gradually decreased, dry matter accumulation of population and yield first increased and then decreased. Among the yield components, 100-grain weight was the main factor affecting yield. In the regression fitting model of planting density and yield, the highest yield was achieved at the planting density 240 000-260 000 plant/ha. In the semi-arid and cold area with low soil moisture of northern Shanxi, the planting density of the kidney bean variety ‘Yingguohong’ is recommended to be 240 000-260 000 plant/ha.

Key words: Kidney bean, Planting density, Growth and development, Yield

Table 1

Precipitation distribution in growth period of tested year and the comparison of precipitation distribution of multi-years (2009-2018) and tested year mm"

年份Year 5月May 6月June 7月July 8月August 9月September 5-9月May-September 降水年型Precipitation pattern
2019 3.6 90.7 79.1 109.0 42.9 325.3 枯水年
2009-2018平均值
Average of 2009-2018		 34.6 56.0 140.7 80.7 69.8 381.8 -

Table 2

Effects of planting density on plant height at different growth stages cm"

处理Treatment 苗期Seedling stage 盛花期Full bloom stage 结荚期Pod bearing stage
D1 34.46±0.65ab 42.11±1.08a 43.84±1.83a
D2 34.13±0.94b 43.17±0.48a 43.89±1.34a
D3 36.75±1.77ab 44.22±0.78a 45.40±0.47a
D4 37.53±0.38ab 44.26±0.50a 46.56±1.24a
D5 39.44±0.25ab 45.67±1.83a 47.33±2.55a
D6 39.83±1.80a 46.89±2.41a 50.28±1.41a
平均值Average 37.02 44.39 46.22
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 6.51 3.85 5.27

Table 3

Effects of planting density on dry matter accumulation of single plant at different growth stages g"

处理Treatment 苗期Seedling stage 盛花期Full bloom stage 结荚期Pod bearing stage
D1 11.43±1.33a 23.09±2.42a 36.91±4.57a
D2 10.87±2.89a 18.83±0.44ab 31.48±1.16b
D3 7.64±1.73b 16.30±3.41ab 27.33±4.79b
D4 6.99±1.96b 14.23±3.44ab 24.67±3.93b
D5 6.89±0.56b 12.43±0.63ab 25.37±2.20b
D6 6.65±0.33b 8.47±1.49b 13.61±1.72c
平均值Average 8.41 15.56 26.56
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 25.59 32.74 29.38

Table 4

Effects of planting density on dry matter accumulation of population at different growth stages"

处理
Treatment		 苗期Seedling stage 盛花期Full bloom stage 结荚期Pod bearing stage
干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占总干重的比例
Of total dry matter accumulation (%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占总干重的比例
Of total dry matter accumulation (%)		 干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation
(kg/hm2)		 占总干重的比例
Of total dry matter accumulation (%)
D1 1143.1±49.7b 16.0 2309.2±243.6b 32.3 3690.7±316.4e 51.7
D2 1630.3±290.8ab 17.8 2821.5±81.0ab 30.7 4722.5±129.3d 51.5
D3 1527.8±166.8ab 14.9 3260.0±374.2ab 31.8 5465.0±369.5c 53.3
D4 1748.1±209.7ab 15.2 3558.3±354.6a 31.0 6167.9±323.1b 53.8
D5 2067.0±84.6a 15.4 3728.0±86.4a 27.8 7611.0±268.2a 56.8
D6 2329.1±56.8a 23.1 2965.7±223.3ab 29.5 4764.1±169.2d 47.4
平均值Average 1740.9 17.1 3107.1 30.5 5403.5 52.4
变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 23.9 18.4 16.7 5.4 25.2 5.9

Fig.1

Effects of planting density on SPAD value at different growth stages"

Table 5

Effects of different planting densities on yield of kidney bean"

处理
Treatment		 单株产量
Yield per plant (g)		 折算单位面积产量
Yield per unit area (kg/hm2)		 实测单位面积产量
Measured yield per unit area (kg/hm2)
D1 26.11±1.59a 2610.57±164.27bc 2091.32±135.26b
D2 22.61±3.96ab 3392.20±409.11b 2369.24±128.68ab
D3 21.56±1.75abc 4311.40±159.63a 2417.88±35.62ab
D4 15.64±0.32bcd 3911.00±268.48ab 2535.99±34.74ab
D5 13.20±1.05cd 3958.70±284.66ab 2782.64±126.36a
D6 11.21±0.54d 3923.27±118.95ab 2209.44±111.54b
平均值Average 18.39 3684.67 2401.09
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 32.04 16.36 9.58

Fig.2

Relationships between yield per unit area, measured yield per unit area and planting density"

Table 6

Effects of planting density on yield-related traits"

处理
Treatment		 单株荚数
Pods per plant		 单荚粒数
Seeds per pod		 百粒重
100-seed weight (g)		 样本总粒数(10株)
Total seed number of samples (ten plants)
D1 17.37±1.30a 4.03±0.03a 51.80±0.72b 514.00±28.58a
D2 12.87±1.48abc 4.50±0.12a 51.85±1.55b 422.67±72.33ab
D3 13.83±0.80ab 4.73±0.22a 51.71±0.89b 418.67±24.66abc
D4 10.73±0.91bcd 4.23±0.12a 53.85±0.82a 303.67±4.98bcd
D5 8.50±0.55cd 3.90±0.12a 53.93±0.53a 244.33±12.41cd
D6 8.00±0.23d 3.80±0.17a 51.49±0.07b 217.67±12.46d
平均值Average 11.88 4.20 52.44 353.49
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 29.8 8.61 2.16 32.91

Table 7

Path analysis of yield components and yield"

因子
Factor		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接作用总和
Sum of indirect action		 →x1 →x2 →x2
x1 -0.39 0.69 -1.08 -0.43 -0.65
x2 -0.83* 1.06 -0.23 -0.28 0.05
x2 -0.42 -0.86 0.44 0.52 -0.08
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